01359nam 2200373 a 450 991069788620332120091119140827.0(CKB)5470000002392117(OCoLC)467337901(EXLCZ)99547000000239211720091119d1964 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierNational Standard Reference Data System[electronic resource] plan of operation /Edward L. Brady and Merill B. Wallenstein[Washington, D.C.] :U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Bureau of Standards,[1964]1 online resource (iv, 12 pages)National standard reference data series ;NSRDS-NBS 1Title from title screen (viewed on Nov. 2, 2009)."National Standard Reference Data System, NSRDS.""Issued December 30, 1964.""Category 1--General."National Standard Reference Data System Brady Edward L29442Wallenstein Merrill B1398698National Standard Reference Data System (U.S.)GPOGPOBOOK9910697886203321National Standard Reference Data System3462474UNINA06067oam 22014654 450 991077950020332120230802005456.01-4755-5102-91-4755-3986-X(CKB)2550000000107549(EBL)1606777(SSID)ssj0000942146(PQKBManifestationID)11601444(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000942146(PQKBWorkID)10972024(PQKB)10088784(MiAaPQ)EBC1606777(Au-PeEL)EBL1606777(CaPaEBR)ebr10579635(OCoLC)794991592(IMF)WPIEE2012146(IMF)WPIEA2012146(EXLCZ)99255000000010754920020129d2012 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrLocal Governments’ Fiscal Balance, Privatization, and Banking Sector Reform in Transition Countries /Ernesto CrivelliWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2012.1 online resource (29 p.)IMF Working PapersDescription based upon print version of record.1-4755-1559-6 1-4755-0411-X Includes bibliographical references.Cover; Contents; I. Introduction; II. Decentralization, Fiscal Balances, and Privatization: Background; III. Empirical Specification and Data; A. Empirical Specification; B. Estimation; C. Data; IV. Results; Tables; 1. Main Results; V. Further Analysis; 2. Robustness Results; VI. Discussion and Conclusions; Appendices; A. Data; A.1. Descriptive Statistics; B. Robustness to Instrument Choice; B.1. Robustness to instrument choice: Main results; B.2. Robustness to Instrument Choice: Further Results; ReferencesSeveral transition economies have undertaken fiscal decentralization reforms over the past two decades along with liberalization, privatization, and stabilization reforms. Theory predicts that decentralization may aggravate fiscal imbalances, unless the right incentives are in place to promote fiscal discipline. This paper uses a panel of 20 transition countries over 19 years to address a central question of fact: Did privatization help to promote local governments’ fiscal discipline? The answer is clearly ‘no’ for privatization considered in isolation. However, privatization and subnational fiscal autonomy along with reforms to the banking system - restraining access to soft financing - may prove effective at improving fiscal balances among local governments.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2012/146Decentralization in governmentPrivatizationBanks and BankingimfBudgetingimfMacroeconomicsimfPublic FinanceimfComparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit InstitutionsimfPrivatizationimfContracting OutimfState and Local BorrowingimfIntergovernmental RelationsimfFederalismimfSecessionimfBanksimfDepository InstitutionsimfMicro Finance InstitutionsimfMortgagesimfNonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: GeneralimfNational BudgetimfBudget SystemsimfDebtimfDebt ManagementimfSovereign DebtimfBankingimfPublic ownershipimfnationalizationimfBudgeting & financial managementimfPublic finance & taxationimfCommercial banksimfPublic enterprisesimfBudget planning and preparationimfGovernment asset and liability managementimfEconomic sectorsimfFinancial institutionsimfPublic financial management (PFM)imfBanks and bankingimfGovernment business enterprisesimfBudgetimfFinance, PublicimfRussian FederationimfDecentralization in government.Privatization.Banks and BankingBudgetingMacroeconomicsPublic FinanceComparison of Public and Private Enterprises and Nonprofit InstitutionsPrivatizationContracting OutState and Local BorrowingIntergovernmental RelationsFederalismSecessionBanksDepository InstitutionsMicro Finance InstitutionsMortgagesNonprofit Organizations and Public Enterprise: GeneralNational BudgetBudget SystemsDebtDebt ManagementSovereign DebtBankingPublic ownershipnationalizationBudgeting & financial managementPublic finance & taxationCommercial banksPublic enterprisesBudget planning and preparationGovernment asset and liability managementEconomic sectorsFinancial institutionsPublic financial management (PFM)Banks and bankingGovernment business enterprisesBudgetFinance, PublicCrivelli Ernesto1481156DcWaIMFBOOK9910779500203321Local Governments’ Fiscal Balance, Privatization, and Banking Sector Reform in Transition Countries3698039UNINA05748nam 22007095 450 991025410370332120200706044336.04-431-55870-510.1007/978-4-431-55870-5(CKB)3710000000617039(EBL)4438978(SSID)ssj0001653304(PQKBManifestationID)16432869(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001653304(PQKBWorkID)14983012(PQKB)10670210(DE-He213)978-4-431-55870-5(MiAaPQ)EBC4438978(PPN)192770632(EXLCZ)99371000000061703920160304d2016 u| 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrAtmospheric Reaction Chemistry /by Hajime Akimoto1st ed. 2016.Tokyo :Springer Japan :Imprint: Springer,2016.1 online resource (448 p.)Springer Atmospheric Sciences,2194-5217Includes index.4-431-55868-3 Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry -- Dawn of Modern Chemistry and Chemistry of Atmosphere -- Chemistry of Atmosphere to Atmospheric Chemistry -- Textbooks of Atmospheric Chemistry -- Fundamentals of Chemical Reactions -- Photochemistry and Photolytic Reactions -- Bimolecular Reactions -- Termolecular and Unimolecular Reactions -- Multiphase Heterogeneous Reactions -- Solar Radiation and Actinic Flux -- Solar Spectrum Outside of the Atmosphere -- Attenuation of Solar Radiation by N2, O2 and O3 in the Atmosphere -- Solar Zenith Angle and Air Mass -- Scattering by Atmospheric Molecule and Particles, and Surface Albedo -- Actinic Flux and Photolysis Rates -- Absorption Spectrum of Atmospheric Molecules, and Photolysis Reactions -- Solar Spectrum in the Troposphere and the Stratosphere -- Photolysis in the Troposphere -- Photolysis in the Stratosphere -- Photolysis of Inorganic Halogen Compounds -- Homogeneous Elementary Reactions in the Atmosphere and Rate Constants -- Reactions of O(3P) and O(1D) Atoms -- Reactions of OH Radicals -- Reactions of HO2 and CH3O2 Radicals -- Reactions of O3 -- Reactions of NO3 Radicals -- Reactions of Cl Atoms and ClO Radicals -- Heterogeneous Reactions in the Atmosphere and Uptake Coefficients -- Uptake to Water Droplet -- Uptake to Sea Salt and Alkali Halides, and Surface Reactions -- Uptake to Soil and Mineral Dusts, and Surface Reactions -- Uptake to Soot, and Surface Reactions -- Surface Reactions on Polar Stratospheric Clouds (PSC) -- Tropospheric Reaction Chemistry -- HOx Chain Reactions and Oxidation of Methane in the Natural Atmosphere -- Oxidation Reactions of VOC in the Polluted Atmosphere -- Production and Loss of O3 by HOx Chain Reactions -- Measurements of OH and HO2 Radicals in the Atmosphere, and Validation of Models -- Tropospheric Halogen Chemistry -- Tropospheric Sulfur Chemistry -- “Discovery” of OH Radical Chain Mechanism -- Smog Chamber -- Stratospheric Reaction Chemistry -- Pure Oxygen Atmosphere and Ozone Layer -- Ozone Loss Cycles by Trace Gases -- Gas Phase Chain Reactions and Ozone Destruction by CFC -- Multiphase Reactions on PSC and Ozone Hole -- Stratospheric Sulfur Chemistry.This book is aimed at graduate students and research scientists interested in gaining a deeper understanding of atmospheric chemistry, fundamental photochemistry, and gas phase and heterogeneous reaction kinetics. It also provides all necessary spectroscopic and kinetic data, which should be useful as reference sources for research scientists in atmospheric chemistry. As an application of reaction chemistry, it provides chapters on tropospheric and stratospheric reaction chemistry, covering tropospheric ozone and photochemical oxidant formation, stratospheric ozone depletion and sulfur chemistry related to acid deposition and the stratospheric aerosol layer. This book is intended not only for students of chemistry but also particularly for non-chemistry students who are studying meteorology, radiation physics, engineering, and ecology/biology and who wish to find a useful source on reaction chemistry.Springer Atmospheric Sciences,2194-5217Atmospheric scienceEnvironmental chemistryAirPollutionEnvironmental sciencesChemistry, Physical and theoreticalAtmospheric Scienceshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G36000Environmental Chemistryhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U15000Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollutionhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/U35010Environmental Science and Engineeringhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G37000Physical Chemistryhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/C21001Atmospheric science.Environmental chemistry.AirPollution.Environmental sciences.Chemistry, Physical and theoretical.Atmospheric Sciences.Environmental Chemistry.Atmospheric Protection/Air Quality Control/Air Pollution.Environmental Science and Engineering.Physical Chemistry.551.511Akimoto Hajimeauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut928067BOOK9910254103703321Atmospheric Reaction Chemistry2511320UNINA