02745oam 2200529 a 450 991069786070332120081208134043.0(CKB)5470000002392375(OCoLC)263945708(EXLCZ)99547000000239237520081028d2008 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierExport controls[electronic resource] challenges with Commerce's Validated End-User program may limit its ability to ensure that semiconductor equipment exported to China is used as intended : report to the Committee on Foreign Affairs, House of Representatives[Washington, D.C.] :U.S. Govt. Accountability Office,[2008]ii, 46 pages digital, PDF fileTitle from title screen (viewed on Oct. 28, 2008)."September 2008."Paper version available from: U.S. Govt. Acountability Office, 441 G St., NW, Rm. LM, Washington, D.C. 20548."GAO-08-1095."Includes bibliographical references.Semiconductors are key components in weapons systems and consumer electronics. Since semiconductors have both civilian and military applications, U.S. export control policy treats the equipment and materials used to manufacture semiconductors as "dual-use" items, and controls the export of these items through licensing requirements to sensitive destinations such as China. [We updated] our 2002 report on China's semiconductor manufacturing capabilities to address the (1) evolution of China's capabilities since 2002, (2) changes to U.S. export control policies over the sale of semiconductor manufacturing equipment and materials to China since 2002, and (3) the advantages and limitations of these changes.Export controls Semiconductor industryUnited StatesSemiconductor industryChinaExport controlsUnited StatesTechnology transferGovernment policyUnited StatesNational securityUnited StatesUnited StatesForeign economic relationsChinaChinaForeign economic relationsUnited StatesSemiconductor industrySemiconductor industryExport controlsTechnology transferGovernment policyNational securityUnited States.Congress.House.Committee on Foreign Affairs.DIDDIDDIDGPOBOOK9910697860703321Export controls3422897UNINA