02870oam 2200505Ia 450 991069442370332120080715112900.0(CKB)5470000002362905(OCoLC)173495295(EXLCZ)99547000000236290520070928d2007 ua 0engurcn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAn introduction to using surface geophysics to characterize sand and gravel deposits[electronic resource] /by Jeffrey E. Lucius, William H. Langer, and Karl J. EllefsenReston, Va. :U.S. Geological Survey,2007.iv, 33 pages digital, PDF fileCircular ;1310Title from Web page (viewed on Sept. 28, 2007).1-4113-1841-2 Includes bibliographical references (pages 25-26).This report is an introduction to surface geophysical techniques that aggregate producers can use to characterize known deposits of sand and gravel. Five well-established and well-tested geophysical methods are presented: seismic refraction and reflection, resistivity, ground penetrating radar, time-domain electromagnetism, and frequency-domain electromagnetism. Depending on site conditions and the selected method(s), geophysical surveys can provide information concerning areal extent and thickness of the deposit, thickness of overburden, depth to the water table, critical geologic contacts, and location and correlation of geologic features. In addition, geophysical surveys can be conducted prior to intensive drilling to help locate auger or drill holes, reduce the number of drill holes required, calculate stripping ratios to help manage mining costs, and provide continuity between sampling sites to upgrade the confidence of reserve calculations from probable reserves to proved reserves. Perhaps the greatest value of geophysics to aggregate producers may be the speed of data acquisition, reduced overall costs, and improved subsurface characterization.ProspectingGeophysical methodsSand and gravel mines and miningSandAggregates (Building materials)GravelProspectingGeophysical methods.Sand and gravel mines and mining.Sand.Aggregates (Building materials)Gravel.Lucius Jeffrey E1381415Langer William H191378Ellefsen Karl1380912Geological Survey (U.S.)OREOREGPOBOOK9910694423703321An introduction to using surface geophysics to characterize sand and gravel deposits3542132UNINA