04547nam 22006495 450 99641844690331620200706030044.0981-13-9085-110.1007/978-981-13-9085-2(CKB)4940000000158694(DE-He213)978-981-13-9085-2(MiAaPQ)EBC6005401(PPN)242842828(EXLCZ)99494000000015869420200103d2020 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierDynamical Characteristics of Inertia-Gravity Waves in the Antarctic Mesosphere[electronic resource] Analyses Combining High-Resolution Observations and Modeling /by Ryosuke Shibuya1st ed. 2020.Singapore :Springer Singapore :Imprint: Springer,2020.1 online resource (XVI, 92 p.) Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,2190-5053"Doctoral thesis accepted by The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan."981-13-9084-3 General Introduction -- A new transformation method for a quasi-uniform and fine grid system in a circular region using the spring dynamics -- Quasi-12 h inertia-gravity waves in the lower mesosphere observed by the PANSY radar at Syowa Station (39.6 °E, 69.0 °S) -- Gravity wave characteristics in the winter Antarctic mesosphere by a long-term numerical simulation using a non-hydrostatic general circulation model -- Summary and concluding remarks -- Acknowledgements. .This book examines the origins and dynamical characteristics of atmospheric inertia-gravity waves in the Antarctic mesosphere. Gravity waves are relatively small-scale atmospheric waves with a restoring force of buoyancy that can transport momentum upward from the troposphere to the middle atmosphere. In previous studies, the dynamical characteristics of mesospheric gravity waves have not been fully examined using numerical simulations, since performing a numerical simulation with a high resolution and a high model-top requires considerable computational power. However, recent advances in computational capabilities have allowed us to perform numerical simulations using atmospheric general circulation models, which cover the troposphere to the mesosphere with a sufficiently fine horizontal resolution to resolve small-scale gravity waves. The book first describes the simulation of mesospheric gravity waves using a high-resolution non-hydrostatic atmospheric model with a high model top. The accuracy of the numerical results was confirmed by the first Mesosphere-Stratosphere-Troposphere/Incoherent Scattering (MST/IS) radar observation in the Antarctic. It also depicts the origins and propagation processes of mesospheric gravity waves on the basis of the results of the high-resolution numerical model. The behaviors of mesospheric gravity waves can be clearly explained using both fundamental and cutting-edge theories of fluid dynamics.Springer Theses, Recognizing Outstanding Ph.D. Research,2190-5053GeophysicsComputer simulationAtmospheric sciencesFluidsGeophysics and Environmental Physicshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/P32000Geophysics/Geodesyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G18009Simulation and Modelinghttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I19000Atmospheric Scienceshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G36000Fluid- and Aerodynamicshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/P21026Geophysics.Computer simulation.Atmospheric sciences.Fluids.Geophysics and Environmental Physics.Geophysics/Geodesy.Simulation and Modeling.Atmospheric Sciences.Fluid- and Aerodynamics.531Shibuya Ryosukeauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut887450MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK996418446903316Dynamical Characteristics of Inertia-Gravity Waves in the Antarctic Mesosphere1982529UNISA04309nam 2200481z- 450 991068832180332120211118(CKB)5400000000042617(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/73726(oapen)doab73726(EXLCZ)99540000000004261720202111d2020 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierImmunomodulation of Innate Immune CellsFrontiers Media SA20201 online resource (204 p.)2-88963-574-0 Activation of innate immune system underlies both pathological and physiological inflammatory responses and is critical for the host. Regulated innate immune response is thus essential not only for the elimination of invading pathogens but also for the restoration of tissue homeostasis. The innate immune system relies on the expression of families of highly conserved Pattern Recognition Receptors (PRRs) by specialised immune cells such as macrophages or dendritic cells. Engagement of PRRs by microbial or host-derived danger signals coordinates the cellular innate immune response. While some receptors such as Toll-like Receptors (TLRs) and C-type Lectin Receptors (CLRs) are membrane bound, others like the Retinoic-acid-Inducible Gene I (RIG-I)-Like Receptors (RLRs), Nucleotide-binding Oligomerization Domain (NOD)-Like Receptors (NLRs) and several DNA receptors (e.g. AIM2, cGAS) are expressed in the cytosol. Moreover, several molecules released by innate immune cells including complement proteins and members of the pentraxin family act as soluble PRRs. Activation of PRRs initiate specific signal transduction cascades, which lead to transcription and secretion of inflammatory mediators, thereby facilitating inflammation. Furthermore, some PRRs can form large oligomeric protein complexes called inflammasomes that instigate proteolytic maturation of members of the IL-1 family of cytokines, thereby driving inflammatory programmed cell death. Current research on immunomodulation is focused on understanding the fundamental mechanisms that control the activation and regulation of innate immune cell function. This includes exciting advances in understanding signals that can polarize innate immune cells into different functional states, for instance from a more inflammatory to a more tolerogenic profile. However, this response of innate immune cells critically depends on several intrinsic and extrinsic factors such as their own biological status and their microenvironmental context, respectively. For instance, it is known that the extracellular matrix or biomaterials can modulate macrophage behavior and that autophagy flux is a critical regulator of inflammation. Consistent with this, there has been an increase in the development of novel drugs and biomaterials aimed at inducing immunomodulatory responses in targeted innate immune cell populations to be used in the context of tissue regeneration, cancer, autoimmune disease etc. Thus, a thorough understanding of immunomodulatory mechanisms of innate immune cells will guide the development of novel therapeutic strategies aimed to control inflammation-mediated pathologies. In this Research Topic, we aim to highlight recent advances in our understanding of the fundamental mechanisms controlling activation of innate immune cells and document new strategies to study and manipulate their immunomodulation.ImmunologybicsscMedicine and Nursingbicsscimmunomodulationinnate immunitymacrophage polarizationpattern recognitionPRRsImmunologyMedicine and NursingAlmeida Catarina Redt1352242Bottazzi BarbaraedtLawlor Kate EedtDe Nardo DominicedtAlmeida Catarina RothBottazzi BarbaraothLawlor Kate EothDe Nardo DominicothBOOK9910688321803321Immunomodulation of Innate Immune Cells3165901UNINA