10999nam 2200541 450 991048560550332120220327075334.03-030-25995-1(CKB)5590000000503277(MiAaPQ)EBC6675948(Au-PeEL)EBL6675948(OCoLC)1257550004(PPN)258304251(EXLCZ)99559000000050327720220327d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierEnergy management and energy efficiency in industry practical examples /Durmuş Kaya, Fatma Çanka Kiliç, Hasan Hüseyin ÖztürkCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (533 pages)Green Energy and Technology3-030-25994-3 Intro -- Preface -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- List of Figures -- List of Tables -- 1 Energy -- 1.1 Energy -- 1.2 Types of Energy -- 1.2.1 Mechanical Energy -- 1.2.2 Heat Energy -- 1.2.3 Chemical Energy -- 1.3 Energy Resources -- 1.3.1 Fossil Energy Resources -- 1.3.2 Renewable Energy Resources -- References -- 2 Energy Management -- 2.1 Energy Manager -- 2.2 Energy Management Policy -- 2.2.1 Goals of the Energy Management Policy -- 2.2.2 Characteristics of Energy Management Policy -- 2.3 Energy Management Program -- 2.4 Energy Management Method -- 2.5 Energy Management System -- 2.5.1 ISO 50001 Energy Management System -- References -- 3 Energy Audit -- 3.1 The Aims of Energy Audit -- 3.2 Businesses that Need to Conduct Energy Audits -- 3.3 Energy Audit Levels -- 3.4 Energy Audit Profiles -- 3.5 Steps of Energy Audit -- 3.5.1 The Preliminary Audit -- 3.5.2 The Preliminary Audit Briefing -- 3.5.3 The Detailed Audit -- 3.5.4 Reporting -- 3.6 Energy Audit Measurements -- 3.7 Preparation of an Energy Audit Report -- 3.7.1 Purpose of the Energy Audit -- 3.7.2 The Energy Audit -- 3.7.3 Energy Audit Steps -- 3.7.4 The Method of the Energy Audit -- 3.7.5 Preparation of the Energy Audit -- 3.7.6 The Energy Audit Team -- 3.7.7 Energy Audit Instruments -- 3.7.8 The Energy Audit Report -- 3.8 Energy Audit Examples -- 3.8.1 Steam System -- 3.8.2 The Mass Balance Calculation -- 3.8.3 Steam Quality -- 3.8.4 Calculation of the Blowdown Amount in Boilers -- 3.8.5 Feeding Water and Properties -- 3.8.6 Calculation of the Steam Cost -- References -- 4 Energy Efficiency -- 4.1 The Measures for Energy Efficiency -- 4.2 Definitions for Energy Efficiency -- 4.3 Energy Intensity -- 4.3.1 Primary and Final Energy Intensity -- 4.3.2 Average Yearly Rate of Improvement in Primary Energy Intensity (As in %) -- 4.3.3 Industry Energy Intensity.4.3.4 Services Energy Intensity -- 4.3.5 Agriculture Energy Intensity -- 4.3.6 Passenger Transport Energy Intensity -- 4.3.7 Freight Transport Energy Intensity -- 4.3.8 Residential Energy Intensity -- 4.3.9 Energy Intensity of the Countries -- 4.4 Energy Use and Energy Efficiency in the World Countries -- 4.4.1 Overall Assessment -- 4.4.2 Energy Efficiency -- References -- 5 Energy Performance Certificate -- 5.1 Energy Performance Assessment -- 5.2 Content of the Energy Identity Certificate -- 5.3 Preparation of the Energy Identity Certificate -- 5.4 Use of the Energy Identity Certificate -- 5.5 Energy Label -- References -- 6 Energy Efficiency Services Sector -- 6.1 Energy Service Companies (ESCOs) -- 6.1.1 Energy Efficiency Services -- 6.1.2 Energy Efficiency Service Models -- 6.2 The Required Qualifications for the Measurements in ESCOs -- References -- 7 Measurement Techniques and Instruments -- 7.1 Measurement Techniques -- 7.2 The Quantities to Be Measured -- 7.3 Measurement Methods -- 7.3.1 Direct Measurement -- 7.3.2 Indirect Measurement -- 7.3.3 Absolute Measurement -- 7.3.4 Comparative Measurement -- 7.4 The Properties of the Measurement Systems -- 7.4.1 Error -- 7.4.2 Accuracy -- 7.4.3 Precision -- 7.4.4 Repeatability -- 7.4.5 Measurement Uncertainty -- 7.4.6 Calibration -- 7.5 Measurement Instruments -- 7.5.1 Electrical Measuring Instruments -- 7.5.2 Force Measurement -- 7.5.3 Pressure Measurement -- 7.5.4 Flow Rate Measurement -- 7.5.5 Velocity Measurement -- 7.5.6 Temperature Measurement -- 7.5.7 Radiation Measurement -- 7.5.8 Analysis of Flue Gases -- References -- 8 Fuels and Combustion -- 8.1 Types of Fuel -- 8.1.1 Fossil Fuels -- 8.1.2 Biofuels -- 8.1.3 Heating (Calorific) Value of Fuels -- 8.2 Combustion -- 8.2.1 Combustion Reaction -- 8.2.2 Types of Combustion -- 8.2.3 Incomplete Combustion Losses.8.2.4 Calculation of Combustion -- 8.2.5 Flame -- References -- 9 Energy Efficiency in Boilers -- 9.1 Boiler Selection -- 9.2 Determination of Boiler Efficiency -- 9.3 Factors Affecting Boiler Efficiency -- 9.3.1 Incomplete Combustion -- 9.3.2 Air/Fuel Ratio -- 9.3.3 Heat Losses from the Flue Gasses -- 9.3.4 Flue Gas Temperature -- 9.3.5 Heat Losses from the Stack -- 9.3.6 Fuel Type -- 9.3.7 Burner Type -- 9.3.8 Boiler Load -- 9.3.9 Heat Losses from Boiler Surface -- 9.3.10 Heater Surface Cleaning -- 9.4 Flue Gas Analysis -- 9.4.1 Oxygen -- 9.4.2 Carbon Dioxide -- 9.4.3 Carbon Monoxide -- 9.4.4 Sulfur Dioxide -- 9.4.5 Nitrogen Oxides -- 9.4.6 Temperature of the Flue Gas -- 9.4.7 Combustion Efficiency -- 9.5 Case Study on Energy Efficiency in Boilers -- 9.5.1 Steam Boiler Number 1 -- 9.5.2 Steam Boiler Number 2 -- 9.5.3 Heat Energy Saving -- 9.6 An Example of Energy Efficiency in Boiler Fans -- 9.6.1 Fan Fluid Power Calculation -- 9.6.2 Investments and Payback Periods -- 9.6.3 Energy Saving in Fans -- 9.7 Better Operation of Boilers -- 9.7.1 Heat Recovery from Flue Gases -- 9.7.2 Improvement of Liquid Fueled Boiler Efficiency -- 9.7.3 Improvement of Gas-Fired Boiler Efficiencies -- 9.7.4 Improvement of Coal-Fired Boiler Efficiencies -- 9.7.5 Better Operation of Boilers -- References -- 10 Energy Efficiency in Furnaces -- 10.1 Thermal Efficiency in Furnaces and the Factors that Affecting Efficiency -- 10.1.1 Thermal Efficiency in Furnaces -- 10.1.2 Factors Affecting the Efficiency in Furnaces -- 10.2 Combustion in Furnaces -- 10.2.1 Theoretical Principles -- 10.2.2 Energy Equivalence -- 10.3 Energy Saving in Metal Melting Process -- 10.4 Case Study for Energy Survey in Furnaces -- 10.4.1 Measurement Methods and Measuring Instruments -- 10.4.2 Evaluation of Measurement and Calculation Results -- 10.4.3 Potential Saving Areas -- References.11 Energy Efficiency in Pumps -- 11.1 Types of Pump -- 11.1.1 Centrifugal Pump -- 11.1.2 Axial Pump -- 11.2 Energy Efficiency in Pump Usage -- 11.2.1 Efficiency in Pump Design -- 11.2.2 Efficiency in Pump Use -- 11.3 Case Study on Energy Efficiency of Pumps -- 11.3.1 Introduction to Measured Pumps and Systems -- 11.3.2 Measurement Methods and Measurement Results -- 11.3.3 Mechanical Measurements -- 11.3.4 Loading and Efficiency of Electric Motors -- 11.3.5 Potential Savings and Suggestions -- References -- 12 Energy Efficiency in Electric Motors -- 12.1 Asynchronous Motors -- 12.2 Energy Saving in Electric Motors -- 12.3 Motor Load Characteristics -- 12.3.1 Variable Torque-Speed Characteristics Load -- 12.3.2 Constant Torque-Speed Characteristics Load -- 12.4 Driver Selection for Asynchronous Motor -- 12.5 High-Efficient Motor Use -- 12.5.1 An Example of High-Efficiency Motor Application -- 12.6 Using Frequency Converters in Asynchronous Motors -- 12.6.1 Frequency Converter -- 12.7 Replacement of Low Load Motors -- 12.8 Correction of Power Factor in Electric Motors -- 12.8.1 Reduction of Idle Running Time in Electric Motors -- References -- 13 Energy Efficiency in Compressed Air Systems -- 13.1 Basic Equipment of Compressed Air Systems -- 13.1.1 Compressors -- 13.1.2 Types of Compressors -- 13.1.3 Compressor Control Systems -- 13.2 Low-Pressure Use -- 13.3 Prevention of Air Leaks -- 13.3.1 Detection of Air Leaks -- 13.3.2 Energy Losses Due to Air Leaks -- 13.4 Reduction of Compressor Outlet Pressure -- 13.5 Taking Compressor Suction Air from Outside -- 13.6 Use of Compressor Cooling Air -- 13.7 Compressed Air Flow Control and Energy Economy -- 13.8 Closing of Compressors and Main Valves -- 13.9 Recommendations for the Operation of Compressors -- References -- 14 Energy Efficiency in Fans -- 14.1 Fan Laws.14.2 Flow Control Systems and Energy Economics -- 14.2.1 Damper-Controlled Systems -- 14.2.2 Speed-Controlled Systems -- 14.3 Fan Selection -- References -- 15 Energy Saving with Variable Speed Driver Applications -- 15.1 Variable Speed Drive Systems -- 15.1.1 Variable Frequency Drive -- 15.2 Application in Air-Conditioning Rooms -- 15.2.1 Payback Period -- 15.2.2 Motor Driver Use in Twisting Room -- References -- 16 Energy Saving with Heat Insulation -- 16.1 The Aim of Heat (Thermal) Insulation -- 16.2 Benefits of Thermal Insulation -- 16.3 Heat (Thermal) Insulating Materials -- 16.3.1 Glass Wool -- 16.3.2 Rock Wool -- 16.3.3 Expanded Polystyrene Sheet -- 16.3.4 Extruded Polystyrene Sheet -- 16.3.5 Glass Foam -- 16.3.6 Calcium Silicate -- 16.3.7 Melamine Foam -- 16.3.8 PVC Foam -- 16.3.9 Polyethylene Foam -- 16.3.10 Elastomeric Rubber Foam -- 16.3.11 Polyurethane Foam -- 16.3.12 Ceramic Wool -- 16.3.13 Vermiculite -- 16.3.14 Elastomeric Rubber -- 16.3.15 Plastic Pipe and Sheet Insulation Materials -- 16.3.16 Fiber Insulation Materials -- 16.4 Energy Saving by Insulating Hot Surfaces -- References -- 17 Waste Heat Recovery -- 17.1 Heat Exchangers -- 17.1.1 Tubular Heat Exchanger -- 17.1.2 Plate Heat Exchanger -- 17.1.3 Heat Pipe Heat Exchanger -- 17.2 Energy Saving in Air-Conditioning Systems -- 17.3 Heating of Combustion Air -- 17.4 Heat Recovery from Contaminated Fluid -- 17.5 Waste Heat Recovery Application -- 17.5.1 Waste Heat Saving Potential -- References -- 18 Energy Efficiency in Water Heating-Distribution-Pressurizing Systems -- 18.1 Energy Efficiency in Water Heating Systems -- 18.1.1 Potable Water Temperature -- 18.1.2 Energy-Saving Measures -- 18.1.3 Selection of the Boiler -- 18.2 Water Distribution Systems -- 18.3 Water Pressurization Systems -- References -- 19 Energy Efficiency in Illumination (Lighting).19.1 Energy Saving in Lighting.Green energy and technology.IndustriesEnergy conservationEnergy consumptionIndustriesEnergy conservation.Energy consumption.658.26Kaya Durmuş859905Kiliç Fatma ÇankaÖztürk Hasan HüseyinMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910485605503321Energy Management and Energy Efficiency in Industry1918823UNINA02023oam 2200385 450 991063397160332120231122205113.01-83968-146-2(CKB)5700000000338645(NjHacI)995700000000338645(EXLCZ)99570000000033864520230501d2022 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierp53 a guardian of the genome and beyond /edited by Mumtaz Anwar, [et al.]London :IntechOpen,2022.1 online resource (134 pages) illustrations (some color)1-83968-145-4 P53 is a protein that plays an important role in the regulation of cell division and thereby offers protection to the cell against malignant transformation. This is the most well-studied and most appreciated role of p53, due to which the protein is famously known as the "guardian of the genome." It is the most studied protein in all forms of cancer research, with much of this research investigating p53's role in tumor suppression. However, research has also shown that p53 plays a role in a wide range of other cellular functions, like serving as a biomarker for environmental pollution. Even as a tumor suppressor and transcription factor, many aspects of p53 function are still obscure, and research in the field is continually attempting to shed light on these functions. This book examines and discusses the myriad roles of p53 and different aspects of its functions. Chapters examine p53 in cancer prevention, DNA repair, gene regulation, and more.P53Medical geneticsCancerGenetic aspectsMedical genetics.CancerGenetic aspects.616.042Anwar MumtazNjHacINjHaclBOOK9910633971603321P533159623UNINA