05378nam 22006255 450 991062723730332120230810180216.09783031156106(electronic bk.)978303115609010.1007/978-3-031-15610-6(MiAaPQ)EBC7129836(Au-PeEL)EBL7129836(CKB)25299549900041(DE-He213)978-3-031-15610-6(EXLCZ)992529954990004120221031d2023 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAntonio Gramsci An Intellectual Biography /by Gianni Fresu1st ed. 2023.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Palgrave Macmillan,2023.1 online resource (399 pages)Marx, Engels, and Marxisms,2524-7131Print version: Fresu, Gianni Antonio Gramsci Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783031156090 PART ONE – THE YOUNG REVOLUTIONARY -- 1. The premises of an uninterrupted discourse -- 2. Dialectics versus positivism: the young Gramsci’s philosophical background -- 3. Self-education and autonomy of producers -- 4. Lenin and the topicality of revolution -- 5. L’Ordine Nuovo -- 6. The origin and defeat of the Italian revolution -- 7. The party problem -- 8. Revolutionary reflux and reactionary offensive -- PART TWO – THE POLITICAL LEADER -- 9. The new Party -- 10. The Comintern and the “Italian case” -- 11. Toward a new majority -- 12. Gramsci leading the Party -- 13. Theoretical maturity between 1925 and 1926 -- 14. The Congress of Lyon -- PART THREE – THE THEORETICIAN -- 15. From Sardinia’s contradictions to the sourther question -- 16. The Notebooks: the difficult beginnings of a “disinterested” work -- 17. Hegemonic relations, productive relations and the subaltern -- 18. Permanent transformism -- 19. Historical premises and congenital contradictions in Italian biography -- 20. “The old dies and the new cannot be born” -- 21. The double revision of Marxism and similarity with Lukács -- 22. Translatability and hegemony -- 23. The philosopher man and the tamed gorilla -- 24. Michels, the intellectuals and the issue of organization -- 25. The dismantling of the old schemes of political art.This intellectual biography provides an organic framework for understanding Antonio Gramsci’s process of intellectual development, paying close attention to the historical and intellectual contexts out of which his views emerged. The Gramsci in Notebooks cannot fully account for the young director of L’Ordine Nuovo, or for the communist leader. Gramsci’s development did not occur under conditions of intellectual inflexibility, of absence of evolution. However, there is a strong thread connecting the “political Gramsci” with Gramsci as a “cultivated man.” The Sardinian intellectual’s life is marked by the drama of World War I, the first mass conflict in which the great scientific discoveries of the previous decades were applied on a large scale and in which millions of peasants and workers were slaughtered. In all of his theoretical formulations, this dual relation, which epitomizes the instrumental use of “simpletons” by ruling classes, goes beyond the military context of the trenches and becomes full-fledged in the fundamental relations of modern capitalist society. In contrast with this notion of social hierarchy, which is deemed natural and unchangeable, Gramsci constantly affirmed the need to overcome the historically determined rupture between intellectual and manual functions, due to which the existence of a priesthood or of a separate caste of specialists in politics and in knowledge is made necessary. It is not the specific professional activity (whether material or immaterial) that determines the essence of human nature: to Gramsci, “all men are philosophers.” In this passage from Notebooks, we find the condensed form of his idea of “human emancipation,” which is the historical need for an “intellectual and moral reform”: the subversion of traditional relations between rulers and ruled and the end of exploitation of man by man. Giovanni Fresu is professor of political philosophy at the Federal University of Uberlandia, Brazil and a researcher in political philosophy at the University of Cagliari, Italy.Marx, Engels, and Marxisms,2524-7131Political sciencePhilosophyItalyHistoryPolitical scienceIntellectual lifeHistoryPolitical PhilosophyHistory of ItalyPolitical TheoryIntellectual HistoryPolitical sciencePhilosophy.ItalyHistory.Political science.Intellectual lifeHistory.Political Philosophy.History of Italy.Political Theory.Intellectual History.324.245075320.532092Fresu Gianni615944MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910627237303321Antonio Gramsci2979678UNINA