05352nam 2201333z- 450 991058593670332120231214132924.0(CKB)5600000000483118(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/91140(EXLCZ)99560000000048311820202208d2022 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierAdvances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 2021BaselMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute20221 electronic resource (266 p.)3-0365-4573-5 3-0365-4574-3 Unit metallurgical operations processes are usually separated into three categories: 1) hydrometallurgy (leaching, mixing, neutralization, precipitation, cementation, and crystallization); 2) pyrometallurgy (roasting and smelting); and 3) electrometallurgy (aqueous electrolysis and molten salt electrolysis). In hydrometallurgy, the aimed metal is first transferred from ores and concentrates to a solution using a selective dissolution (leaching or dry digestion) under an atmospheric pressure below 100 °C and under a high pressure (40-50 bar) and high temperature (below 270°C) in an autoclave. The purification of the obtained solution was performed using neutralization agents such as sodium hydroxide and calcium carbonate or more selective precipitation agents such as sodium carbonate and oxalic acid. The separation of metals is possible using a liquid/liquid process (solvent extraction in mixer-settler) and solid–liquid (filtration in filter-press under high pressure). Crystallization is the process by which a metallic compound is converted from a liquid into a solid crystalline state via a supersaturated solution. The final step is metal production using electrochemical methods (aqueous electrolysis for basic metals such as copper, zinc, silver, and molten salt electrolysis for rare earth elements and aluminum). Advanced processes, such as ultrasonic spray pyrolysis and microwave-assisted leaching, can be combined with reduction processes in order to produce metallic powders.Technology: general issuesbicsscHistory of engineering & technologybicsscMining technology & engineeringbicssczirconiumeudialytehydrometallurgybasic sulfate precipitationmacroporous polymergoethitefactorial designdesorptiontailings reprocessingearly stage cost estimationmagnetic separationleachingflotationsilicaultrasonic spray pyrolysissynthesisacid mine drainagered mudneutralizationimmobilizationprecipitationnitinolcontinuous vertical cast (CVC), NiTi rodatomic layer depositioncorrosion propertiespotentiodynamic testelectrochemical impedance spectroscopyrare earth elementsrecyclingNdFeBmagnetnon-ferrous metalscavitation erosionoptical microscopyelectron microscopyatomic force microscopyaluminiumthin-layer electrolysismolten saltshalidescapillary cellelectrorefiningnon-commercial copper anodewaste solutionhigh contentNiPbSnSbpassivationanode slimepentlanditeoxidationreaction mechanismphase analysissilvercoppernanoparticlesantibacterialMnO2cobalt oxide Co3O4perovskite materialsoxygen reduction in alkaline mediaelectrocatalystPt catalystnanocompositemixed oxidesNiAl2O4ZnAl2O4electrocatalysisnanocatalystnoble metal nanoparticlesleachatemetal ions extractionselectivityFe removalelectrodepositionconductometryTechnology: general issuesHistory of engineering & technologyMining technology & engineeringStopic Sreckoedt1314125Friedrich BerndedtStopic SreckoothFriedrich BerndothBOOK9910585936703321Advances in Understanding of Unit Operations in Non-ferrous Extractive Metallurgy 20213031736UNINA