04908nam 2200397z- 450 991022004110332120210211(CKB)3800000000216366(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/54739(oapen)doab54739(EXLCZ)99380000000021636620202102d2017 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierNon-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and PsychiatryFrontiers Media SA20171 online resource (207 p.)Frontiers Research Topics2-88945-134-8 Brain stimulation techniques, transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and transcranial direct current stimulation (TDCS), modify brain function through interaction with multiple neurotransmitters and networks. The implementation of these non-invasive stimulation techniques in physiology, behavioral studies, with modelling or functional imaging has provided an outstanding causal link between brain structure and function and helped identify neural networks mediating cognitive or motor function. The potential efficacy of non-invasive brain stimulation procedures for the management of specific symptoms in diverse neurological and psychiatric conditions has been tested in the past decade or so. For example, repetitive TMS over prefrontal areas has been extensively investigated as a treatment for patients with medication-resistant depression and has been shown to be associated with improvement of mood. Similarly, non-invasive stimulation techniques have been applied to various symptoms of Parkinson's disease such as bradykinesia and dyskinesias, with variables degrees of success reported. However, attempts to expand previously observed clinical improvements to other neurological disorders (e.g. Tourette's syndrome, autism, epilepsy) has been controversial. In trying to bypass potential confounding elements, researchers aim to target neural populations altered in disease to either increase or decrease their corrupted baseline activity. In addition, a complementary approach is to extend stimulation protocols that results enhanced behavior in healthy participants. One of the potential limitation of this latter strategy has been that most of the protocols evaluated in healthy participants have been tested in populations that are not comparable to the patient populations. This Frontiers Research Topic on non-invasive brain stimulation and enhancement of function seeks to combine contributions from researchers who found non-invasive brain stimulation induced improvement of either a motoric, cognitive or behavioral nature investigated behaviorally, physiologically or using brain imaging techniques in clinical populations. Investigation of the relation between enhancement of function in healthy populations and improvement of symptoms in patients with neurological or psychiatric disorders needs further consideration. Critically, the topic will be centered on the following topics to expand current knowledge: • selection of adequate stimulation protocols, including simple questions such as whether TMS or TDCS is more efficacious for inducing enhancement of function in brain disease; • methodological issues such as optimizing cortical targets and the use of good control groups; • which symptoms to tackle in different brain disorders. For example, is it possible to de-activate hyperactive cortical regions present in Parkinson disease to induce clinical amelioration? Do protocols used in healthy populations produce similar predictable effects in parkinsonian persons?; • potential of using stimulation protocols in combination with pharmacological or cognitive therapy; • the use of appropriate clinical, behavioral, physiological and imaging tools to measure brain plastic changes. Consideration about possible multi-centre clinical trials: feasibility, problems and authorization pathways. Studies or reviews on cost-effectiveness. The aim of this topic is to determine which disease signs are treatable with non-invasive brain stimulation and available protocols to interfere with altered brain systems and produce enhanced motor and behavior outcomes. This Frontiers Research Topic will be important in identifying new avenues of clinical research for rapid advances in the field.NeurosciencesbicsscNeuromodulationnon-invasive brain stimulationrTMStDCSNeurosciencesIgnacio Obesoauth1311248Antonio OlivieroauthMarjan JahanshahiauthBOOK9910220041103321Non-invasive Brain Stimulation in Neurology and Psychiatry3030054UNINA03953nam 2200829z- 450 991057688370332120220621(CKB)5720000000008337(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/84488(oapen)doab84488(EXLCZ)99572000000000833720202206d2022 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierRecent Advances in Clinical Nutrition in Stroke RehabilitationBaselMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute20221 online resource (90 p.)3-0365-4244-2 3-0365-4243-4 Stroke is a common cause of death and disability worldwide. Malnutrition is prevalent in stroke rehabilitation patients, and has serious negative effects on outcomes. In addition, there is growing interest in new concepts related to malnutrition, such as sarcopenia, frailty, cachexia, chronic inflammation, dysphagia, and oral problems, all of which contribute to a poor prognosis. Therefore, it is necessary to assess nutritional status early and, if needed, provide appropriate nutritional interventions to improve patient outcomes. A multidisciplinary approach is strongly recommended in this setting; as such, high-quality clinical evidence regarding clinical nutrition in stroke rehabilitation is needed. This reprint updates our knowledge of clinical nutrition for stroke patients and includes interesting studies on topics including nutrition and weight management in the early stages of stroke, the relationship between frailty and improved physical function, weight gain by providing stored energy, physical activity and diet quality, L-carnitine and cognitive levels, and the prediction of stroke prognosis using temporal muscles. The Guest Editor hopes that this reprint will help provide clinicians with up-to-date knowledge of nutritional management in stroke rehabilitation.Biology, life sciencesbicsscResearch and information: generalbicsscactivity of daily livingaggressive rehabilitation nutritionbody weightbody weight gainCharlson Comorbidity Indexconvalescent rehabilitationDietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension Qualitydiffusion kurtosis imagingdiffusion tensor imagingdisabilityenergy intakefrailtyfunctional recoveryhealth literacyhealth-related behaviorshemodialysishome-dischargeInternational Classification of Diseasesinternational physical activity questionnairel-carnitinemalnutritionmalnutrition risksmuscle volumen/aneurite orientation dispersion and density imagingnutritional managementnutritional statusprognostic factorSARC-F scoresarcopeniaskeletal muscle massskeletal muscle mass gainstored energystrokestroke patienttemporal muscle thicknessvascular dementiaVietnamWorld Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule IIBiology, life sciencesResearch and information: generalYoshimura Yoshihiroedt1300065Yoshimura YoshihiroothBOOK9910576883703321Recent Advances in Clinical Nutrition in Stroke Rehabilitation3025395UNINA