07211nam 2200433 450 991057407130332120221215193851.09789811924804(electronic bk.)9789811924798(MiAaPQ)EBC7001196(Au-PeEL)EBL7001196(CKB)22894761600041(EXLCZ)992289476160004120221215d2022 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierRegulating genetically modified crops in view of environmental risks China's implementation of international obligations /Ancui LiuSingapore :Springer,[2022]©20221 online resource (246 pages)Print version: Liu, Ancui Regulating Genetically Modified Crops in View of Environmental Risks Singapore : Springer,c2022 9789811924798 Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- About the Author -- Abbreviations -- 1 Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by GM Crops -- 1.1 Biotechnology and GM Crops -- 1.2 Traits of GM Crops -- 1.3 The Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 1.3.1 Activities Associated with the Development and the Use of GM Crops -- 1.3.2 The Status Quo of the Cultivation of GM Crops -- 1.4 The Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 1.4.1 The Reduction of the Amount of Chemical Pesticides -- 1.4.2 The Impact on Ecosystems -- 1.5 Reflections from a Legal Perspective -- References -- 2 The International Regulatory Approach Addressing Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by GM Crops -- 2.1 Reasons for Adopting International Law to Regulate GM Crops -- 2.2 International Instruments to Be Discussed in the Chapter -- 2.3 The International Legal Framework -- 2.3.1 Relationships Between the CBD, the CPB and the SP -- 2.3.2 Dispute Settlement and Compliance Mechanisms -- 2.4 The CBD -- 2.4.1 Objectives -- 2.4.2 The Application of the CBD to the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 2.4.3 Legal Measures in the CBD -- 2.5 The CPB -- 2.5.1 Objectives -- 2.5.2 The Scope of Application and Its Application to the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 2.5.3 Legal Principles and Measures in the CPB -- 2.6 The SP -- 2.6.1 Objectives -- 2.6.2 The Scope of Application and Its Application to the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 2.6.3 Legal Measures in the SP -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 The Chinese Regulatory Framework and Institutional Structure Addressing Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by GM Crops -- 3.1 The Regulatory Framework -- 3.1.1 Introduction to the Chinese Legal System -- 3.1.2 Legislation and Policies for Environmental Issues Related to GM Crops.3.1.3 Interim Conclusion -- 3.2 GM Crop Safety Management Authorities -- 3.2.1 The Inter-Ministerial Joint Conference -- 3.2.2 The MARA -- 3.2.3 The MEE -- 3.3 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Legal Principles Addressing Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by GM Crops in China -- 4.1 The Precautionary Principle -- 4.1.1 The International Obligation of China to Implement the Precautionary Approach Regarding GM Crops -- 4.1.2 The Precautionary Principle Regarding the Regulation of GM Crops in China -- 4.1.3 The Application of the Precautionary Principle in the Regulation of GM Crops in China -- 4.1.4 Interim Conclusion -- 4.2 The Public Involvement Principle -- 4.2.1 China's International Obligations Regarding the Public Involvement Principle in the Regulation of GM Crops -- 4.2.2 The Definition of the Public Involvement Principle and the Approach to Discussing It -- 4.2.3 Access to Information Regarding the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 4.2.4 Public Participation in Decision-Making Regarding the Regulation of the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 4.2.5 Access to Justice in Environmental Matters Related to GM Crops -- 4.2.6 Implementation of China's International Obligations Regarding Public Involvement -- 4.2.7 Conclusion -- 4.3 Conclusion -- References -- 5 Legal Measures Addressing Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by GM Crops in China -- 5.1 Biosafety Certificates for GM Crops -- 5.1.1 The Definition and Types of Biosafety Certificates -- 5.1.2 Biosafety Certificates for Agricultural GMOs for Production -- 5.1.3 Biosafety Certificates for Agricultural GMOs to Be Used as Raw Materials for Processing -- 5.1.4 Contents of Biosafety Certificates -- 5.1.5 The Renewal of Biosafety Certificates -- 5.1.6 GM Crops and Their Biosafety Certificates in China -- 5.1.7 Conclusion.5.2 Other Legal Requirements for Placing GM Seeds and GM Crops on the Market -- 5.2.1 Introduction -- 5.2.2 The Validation and Registration of GM Varieties and Plant Variety Rights -- 5.2.3 Applying for Production and Business Operation Licences for GM Seeds -- 5.2.4 Applying for Permits for the Production and Processing of GM Crops -- 5.2.5 Labelling of GM Crops -- 5.2.6 Conclusion -- 5.3 The Reporting, Inspection, and Emergency Mechanisms -- 5.3.1 Introduction -- 5.3.2 The Reporting Mechanism -- 5.3.3 The Inspection Mechanism -- 5.3.4 Emergency Measures -- 5.3.5 Conclusion -- 5.4 Liability Rules -- 5.4.1 Introduction -- 5.4.2 Administrative Liability -- 5.4.3 Civil Liability Rules -- 5.4.4 Criminal Liability Rules -- 5.4.5 Conclusion -- 5.5 Conclusion -- References -- 6 Conclusion -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 The International Obligations of China to Address the Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities -- 6.2.1 Applicable International Instruments and Their Scope -- 6.2.2 China's International Obligations -- 6.3 The Regulatory Framework and the Institutional Structure Addressing Environmental Risks That May Be Caused by the Cultivation of GM Crops and Related Activities in China -- 6.3.1 Sources of Law and Their Scope -- 6.3.2 The Institutional Structure -- 6.4 China's Implementation of International Obligations -- 6.4.1 To Regulate, Manage or Control the Risks That May Be Caused by LMOs -- 6.4.2 The Decision-Making Procedures Regarding Imports and the Domestic Use of LMOs -- 6.4.3 To Share Information Related to LMOs -- 6.4.4 Measures Addressing Unintentional and Illegal Transboundary Movements of LMOs -- 6.4.5 The Handling, Transport, Packaging, and Identification Measures -- 6.4.6 Liability and Redress Rules -- 6.5 Final Conclusion, Limitations and Future Research.Transgenic plantsLaw and legislationTransgenic plantsMoral and ethical aspectsTransgenic plantsLaw and legislation.Transgenic plantsMoral and ethical aspects.346.0486Liu Ancui1236905MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910574071303321Regulating Genetically Modified Crops in View of Environmental Risks2871646UNINA02786oam 2200553zu 450 991102026010332120250725204946.097866105540890-470-01382-61-280-55408-8(CKB)111082128277292(SSID)ssj0000155272(PQKBManifestationID)11156754(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000155272(PQKBWorkID)10111888(PQKB)10735413(MiAaPQ)EBC4956785(Au-PeEL)EBL4956785(CaONFJC)MIL55408(OCoLC)52888805(EXLCZ)9911108212827729220160829d2003 uy engurcnu||||||||txtccrFinite element methods for flow problems1st ed.[Place of publication not identified]John Wiley & Sons Incorporated20031 online resource (358 pages)Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph0-471-49666-9 0-470-86471-0 In recent years there have been significant developments in the development of stable and accurate finite element procedures for the numerical approximation of a wide range of fluid mechanics problems. Taking an engineering rather than a mathematical bias, this valuable reference resource details the fundamentals of stabilised finite element methods for the analysis of steady and time-dependent fluid dynamics problems. Organised into six chapters, this text combines theoretical aspects and practical applications and offers coverage of the latest research in several areas of computational fluid dynamics.* Coverage includes new and advanced topics unavailable elsewhere in book form* Collection in one volume of the widely dispersed literature reporting recent progress in this field* Addresses the key problems and offers modern, practical solutionsDue to the balance between the concise explanation of the theory and the detailed description of modern practical applications, this text is suitable for a wide audience including academics, research centres and government agencies in aerospace, automotive and environmental engineering.Civil & Environmental EngineeringHILCCEngineering & Applied SciencesHILCCCivil EngineeringHILCCCivil & Environmental EngineeringEngineering & Applied SciencesCivil Engineering620.10640151Donea Jean772046Huerta Antonio1959-PQKBBOOK9911020260103321Finite element methods for flow problems4420891UNINA