07685nam 2202437z- 450 991055758050332120231214133420.0(CKB)5400000000043844(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/76487(EXLCZ)99540000000004384420202201d2021 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierProcess Modeling in Pyrometallurgical EngineeringBasel, SwitzerlandMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute20211 electronic resource (642 p.)3-0365-0654-3 3-0365-0655-1 The Special Issue presents almost 40 papers on recent research in modeling of pyrometallurgical systems, including physical models, first-principles models, detailed CFD and DEM models as well as statistical models or models based on machine learning. The models cover the whole production chain from raw materials processing through the reduction and conversion unit processes to ladle treatment, casting, and rolling. The papers illustrate how models can be used for shedding light on complex and inaccessible processes characterized by high temperatures and hostile environment, in order to improve process performance, product quality, or yield and to reduce the requirements of virgin raw materials and to suppress harmful emissions.Technology: general issuesbicsscsteelmakingoxygen consumptionGPRprediction modelsecondary refiningwater modelmixing timeslag entrapmentstainless steel slagheating timeCr2O3spinelcrystal sizeprocessing mapsnickel-based alloyflow behaviorarrhenius equationhearthdrainagePCAanalysis toolpatterntapholesblast furnacecokecarbon solution lossnumerical simulationpellet pileDiscrete Element Methodporosity distributionangle of reposecoordination numberbubble motioninterfacial phenomenaentrainmentmoving patharsenopyritearsenic removalmechanismroastingarsenatedust asharsenic recoverytitanium distribution ratiothermodynamic modelion-molecule coexistence theoryLF refining slagselectric arc furnacesimulationprocess modelCOREXraceway zonegas flowCOREX melter gasifiermixed chargingburden layer structureburden pile widthDEMburden distributionparticle flowvalidationtire cord steelTiN inclusionsolidificationsegregation modelshot rollingTOU electricity pricinghot rolling planninggenetic algorithmC-H2 smelting reduction furnacedouble-row side nozzlesdimensional analysismultiple linear regressionironmaking blast furnacecoke bedtrickle flowmolten slagliquid ironSPHcharging systemmathematical modelradar datamain troughtransient fluid of hot metal and molten slagwall shear stressconjugate heat transferrefractoryshape rollingflat rollingwire rodtemperature distributionmachine learningartificial intelligenceneural networkBOS reactorcopper smeltingSKSShuikoushan processoxygen bottom blowngated recurrent unitsupport vector data descriptiontime sequence predictionfault detection and identificationLignitemicrowave and ultrasound modificationstructural characterization3D molecular modelstructural simulationcoke combustion ratecharcoal combustion rateiron ore sintering processbiomassquasi-particlequasi-particle structuremonomer blended fuelquasi-particle fuelapparent activation energycoupling effectdynamic modelbasic oxygen furnacecomputational fluid dynamicsCFD-DEMcoalescencesettlingfunneling flowhorizontal single belt casting process (HSBC)computational fluid dynamics (CFD)double impingement feeding systemsupersonic coherent jetdecarburizationsteel refiningEAFCFDmass transfer coefficientphysical modelingmathematical modelingkinetic modelsnatural gasfuel injectioncombustionRAFTroll designflat-rolled wirestrain inhomogeneitynormal pressuremacroscopic shear bandsnumerical modeldual gas injectionslag eyeelectrical energy consumptionElectric Arc Furnacescrap meltingstatistical modelingraceway evolutionraceway sizeflow patternEulerian multiphase flowblast furnace hearthdead maniron and slag flowlining wearhearth drainageIndustry 4.0copper smelternickel-copper smelterradiometric sensorsPeirce-smith convertingmatte-slag chemistrydiscrete event simulationadaptive finite differencesTechnology: general issuesSaxen Henrikedt1303465Ramírez-Argáez MarcoedtConejo AlbertoedtDutta AbhishekedtSaxen HenrikothRamírez-Argáez MarcoothConejo AlbertoothDutta AbhishekothBOOK9910557580503321Process Modeling in Pyrometallurgical Engineering3027078UNINA