10704nam 22005053 450 991055507680332120210901203310.01-119-50824-X1-119-50822-31-119-50823-1(CKB)4100000010858830(MiAaPQ)EBC6157416(Au-PeEL)EBL6157416(OCoLC)1150150946(EXLCZ)99410000001085883020210901d2020 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierCarbon in Earth's InteriorNewark :American Geophysical Union,2020.©2020.1 online resource (373 pages)Geophysical Monograph Ser. ;v.2501-119-50826-6 Cover -- Title Page -- Copyright Page -- CONTENTS -- CONTRIBUTORS -- PREFACE -- Chapter 1 Pressure-Induced sp2-sp3 Transitions in Carbon-Bearing Phases -- 1.1. INTRODUCTION -- 1.2. ELEMENTAL CARBON -- 1.2.1. Metastable Phases -- 1.2.2. Phase Diagram at High Temperature and in the TPa Pressure Range -- 1.3. CARBONATES -- 1.3.1. (Mg,Fe) Carbonates -- 1.3.2. Ca Carbonates and Ca(Mg,Fe) Carbonates -- 1.4. HYDROCARBONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTs -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 2 High-Pressure Carbonaceous Phases as Minerals -- 2.1. INTRODUCTION -- 2.1.1. High-Pressure Minerals in Meteorites and Impactites -- 2.2. CARBONACEOUS PHASES AS INCLUSION IN DIAMOND: ELEMENTS AND CARBIDES -- 2.2.1. Diamond in Diamond: Indication for Methane Breakdown in the Lithospheric Mantle -- 2.2.2. Carbides: Possible Indicators of Reducing Conditions in the Transition Zone and Lower Mantle -- 2.3. OXIDES AND CARBONATES -- 2.3.1. Carbon Dioxide -- 2.3.2. Carbonates -- CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 3 Phase and Melting Relations of Fe3C to 300 GPa and Carbon in the Core -- 3.1. INTRODUCTION -- 3.2. EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE -- 3.2.1. Sample Preparations -- 3.2.2. In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction Experiments -- 3.2.3. Quench Experiment and Sample Analysis -- 3.3. RESULTS -- 3.3.1. In-Situ X-Ray Diffraction Experiments -- 3.3.2. Textual Observations and Chemical Analysis of the Recovered Sample -- 3.4. DISCUSSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- AUTHOR CONTRIBUTIONS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 4 Structure and Properties of Liquid Fe-C Alloys at High Pressures by Experiments and First-Principles Calculations -- 4.1. INTRODUCTION -- 4.2. STRUCTURE OF FE‐C AND FE-NI-C LIQUIDS -- 4.2.1. Experimental Results -- 4.2.2. Computational Results -- 4.3. RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PROPERTY AND STRUCTURE AND GEOPHYSICAL IMPLICATIONS -- 4.4. CONCLUSIONs -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.Chapter 5 A Geologic Si-O-C Pathway to Incorporate Carbon in Silicates -- 5.1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND -- 5.2. HYPOTHESIS: THE GEOLOGIC SI-O-C PATHWAY -- 5.2.1. Geologic Evidence for the Si-O-C Pathway -- 5.3. UNANSWERED QUESTIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTs -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 6 Structural and Chemical Modifications of Carbon Dioxide on Transport to the Deep Earth -- 6.1. INTRODUCTION -- 6.2. MOLECULAR CRYSTAL PHASES -- 6.3. EXTENDED COVALENT PHASES -- 6.4. MELTING LINE -- 6.5. CARBON DIOXIDE STABILITY VERSUS DISSOCIATION -- 6.6. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTs -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 7 Carbon Redox Chemistry: Deep Carbon Dioxide and Carbonates -- 7.1. INTRODUCTION -- 7.2. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD -- 7.3. RESULTS -- 7.3.1. Carbon Oxidation -- 7.3.2. Carbonate Formation -- 7.3.3. Ionization of XCO2 -- 7.3.4. Pressure-Induced Amorphization -- 7.4. DISCUSSION -- 7.5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 8 Crystallization of Water Mediated by Carbon -- 8.1. INTRODUCTION -- 8.2. METHODS -- 8.3. HETEROGENEOUS ICE NUCLEATION FACILITATED BY GRAPHITIC CARBON -- 8.3.1. Verification of Heterogeneous Classical Nucleation Theory -- 8.3.2. Molecular Insight Into the Complex Nature of Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation -- 8.3.3. Role of Local Ordering of Water in Ice Nucleation -- 8.4. NUCLEATION OF GAS HYDRATE -- 8.5. CONCLUSION -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 9 Structures and Crystal Chemistry of Carbonate at Earth's Mantle Conditions -- 9.1. INTRODUCTION -- 9.2. EXPERIMENTAL STRUCTURAL INVESTIGATION ON CARBONATES: METHODS -- 9.3. EXPERIMENTAL DETERMINATION OF CARBONATE STRUCTURES: CASE STUDIES -- 9.3.1. Calcium Carbonates With CO3 Units -- 9.3.2. Carbonates with [4]-Coordination Carbon -- 9.3.3. Alkali and Mixed-Alkali Carbonates -- 9.4. CONCLUDING REMARKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES.Chapter 10 Nitrogen Diffusion in Calcite -- 10.1. INTRODUCTION -- 10.2. METHODS -- 10.2.1. Experimental Procedure -- 10.2.2. Nuclear Reaction Analysis (NRA) of Nitrogen -- 10.3. RESULTS -- 10.3.1. O, C, and Noble Gas Diffusion in Carbonates -- 10.4. GEOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 11 High-Pressure Transformations and Stability of Ferromagnesite in the Earth's Mantle -- 11.1. INTRODUCTION -- 11.2. COMPRESSION OF MG-FE RHOMBOHEDRAL CARBONATE -- 11.3. HIGH-PRESSURE POLYMORPHISM OF FERROMAGNESITE -- 11.3.1. Evidence for Tetrahedrally Coordinated Carbon -- 11.3.2. Self-Redox Reactions in Fe2+‐Bearing Carbonates -- 11.4. CONCLUSIONS AND OUTLOOKS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 12 Spin Transition of Iron in Deep-Mantle Ferromagnesite -- 12.1. INTRODUCTION -- 12.2. FE2+ SPIN TRANSITION IN (MG,FE)CO3 -- 12.2.1. Crystal Field Theory and Parameters of the Spin Transition in Ferromagnesite -- 12.2.2. Characterizations of the Fe2+ Spin Transition in (Mg,Fe)CO3 at High Pressure -- 12.2.3. The Effects of the Fe2+ Spin Transition on Physical Properties of (Mg,Fe)CO3 -- 12.3. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 13 High-Pressure Na-Ca Carbonates in the Deep Carbon Cycle -- 13.1. CARBONATES IN SUBDUCTION INFLUX OF CARBON -- 13.2. SUBDUCTED CARBONATES IN THE UPPER MANTLE -- 13.3. SUBDUCTED CARBONATES IN THE MANTLE TRANSITION ZONE -- 13.4. CRYSTAL CHEMISTRY OF HIGH-PRESSURE NA-CA CARBONATES -- 13.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 14 Phase Diagrams of Carbonate Materials at High Pressures, with Implications for Melting and Carbon Cycling in the Deep Earth -- 14.1. INTRODUCTION -- 14.2. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS -- 14.3. PHASE DIAGRAMS OF CARBONATES -- 14.3.1. Melting and Phase Transitions in Simple Carbonate Systems -- 14.3.2. Binary Carbonate Systems at High Pressures.14.3.3. Ternary Carbonate Phase Diagrams -- 14.4. IMPLICATIONS FOR MELTING IN THE DEEP EARTH'S MANTLE -- 14.4.1. Carbonates in the Complex Experimental Systems -- 14.4.2. The Lower Temperature Stability Limits of Carbonatite Melts at 100-200 km Depths -- 14.4.3. Implication of Carbonate Phase Diagrams to Mantle‐Derived Carbonatite Inclusions -- 14.4.4. Carbonates in the Lower Mantle -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 15 Reactive Preservation of Carbonate in Earth's Mantle Transition Zone -- 15.1. INTRODUCTION -- 15.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 15.2.1. High-Pressure Experiments -- 15.2.2. Raman Spectroscopy Analysis -- 15.2.3. Electron Microprobe Analyses -- 15.3. RESULTS -- 15.4. DISCUSSION -- 15.4.1. Chemical Stability of Carbonates in MTZ -- 15.4.2. Water Enhances Carbonate-Silicate Reaction -- 15.4.3. Reactive Preservation of Carbonate -- 15.4.4. Implications for Deep Carbon Cycle -- 15.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 16 Carbon Speciation and Solubility in Silicate Melts -- 16.1. INTRODUCTION -- 16.2. EXPERIMENTS ON SILICATE MELTS -- 16.2.1. Speciation of Carbon -- 16.2.2. Solubility of Carbon -- 16.3. SIMULATIONS OF SILICATE MELTS -- 16.3.1. Solubility of Carbon Dioxide in the Silicate Melt -- 16.3.2. Carbon Coordinated by Oxygen -- 16.3.3. Carbon Complexes -- 16.3.4. Elemental Diffusivities -- 16.3.5. Equation of State -- 16.3.6. Diamond Formation -- 16.4. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 17 The Effect of Variable Na/K on the CO2 Content of Slab-Derived Rhyolitic Melts -- 17.1. INTRODUCTION -- 17.2. METHODS -- 17.2.1. Starting Material -- 17.2.2. Experimental Technique -- 17.2.3. Analytical Techniques -- 17.3. RESULTS -- 17.3.1. Texture and Major Element Composition -- 17.3.2. Dissolved CO2 and H2O -- 17.4. DISCUSSION.17.4.1. Composition-Dependent CO2 Dissolution in Silicate Melt: Comparison to Previous Studies -- 17.4.2. Parameterization -- 17.4.3. Implications for Slab-Mantle CO2 Transfer in Subduction Zones -- 17.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 18 Hydrous Carbonatitic Liquids Drive CO2 Recycling From Subducted Marls and Limestones -- 18.1. INTRODUCTION -- 18.2. MODELING IMPURE MARBLES: THE SYSTEM CaO-Al2O3-SiO2-H2O-CO2 -- 18.3. EXPERIMENTAL AND ANALYTICAL METHODS -- 18.4. RESULTS -- 18.4.1. Microstructural Analysis -- 18.4.2. Chemistry of Precipitates and Composition of the Liquid -- 18.5. HYDROUS-CARBONATITIC LIQUIDS FORM AT SUB-ARCS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 19 The Viscosity of Carbonate-Silicate Transitional Melts at Earth's Upper Mantle Pressures and Temperatures, Determined by the In Situ Falling-Sphere Technique -- 19.1. INTRODUCTION -- 19.2. MATERIALS AND METHODS -- 19.3. RESULTS -- 19.4. DISCUSSION -- 19.4.1. Effect of Pressure and Temperature on the Viscosity Data -- 19.4.2. Implications for the Transport of Oxidized Carbon in the Upper Mantle -- 19.5. CONCLUSIONS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- SUPPLEMENTAL MATERIAL -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 20 Mixed Fluids of Water and Carbon Dioxide -- 20.1. INTRODUCTION -- 20.2. AVAILABLE DATA -- 20.3. MISCIBILITIES -- 20.4. SPECIATION -- 20.5. EQUATION OF STATE -- 20.6. AVENUES FOR PROGRESS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- REFERENCES -- Chapter 21 Experimental Determination of Calcite Solubility in H2O-KCl-NaCl-LiCl Solutions at 700°C and 8 kbar -- 21.1. INTRODUCTION -- 21.2. METHODS -- 21.2.1. Starting Materials -- 21.2.2. Capsule Assembly -- 21.2.3. Experimental Apparatus and Setup -- 21.2.4. Solubility Determination -- 21.2.5. Salt Concentration Notation -- 21.3. RESULTS -- 21.3.1. Textures -- 21.3.2. Solubility in Single-Salt Solutions -- 21.3.3. Solubility in Mixed-Salt Solutions.21.4. DISCUSSION.Geophysical Monograph Ser.Electronic books.Lin Jung-Fu1218016Manning Craig E1218017Mao Wendy L1218018MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910555076803321Carbon in Earth's Interior2816678UNINA