11515nam 2200577 450 991055183000332120240228143641.09783030865030(electronic bk.)9783030865023(MiAaPQ)EBC6904283(Au-PeEL)EBL6904283(CKB)21348227000041(PPN)261521985(EXLCZ)992134822700004120221009d2022 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierThe boy ready nations and disaster risk reduction 19 countries in perspective /edited by Michael H. GlantzCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2022]©20221 online resource (391 pages)Disaster Studies and ManagementPrint version: Glantz, Michael H. El niño Ready Nations and Disaster Risk Reduction Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2022 9783030865023 Includes bibliographical references.Intro -- Foreword -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Notes on the Text -- Contents -- Introduction -- 1 Introduction to El Niño -- 2 El Niño and Its Effects -- 3 What El Niño Can Do: Mapping Global and Regional Hotspots -- 4 Forecasting El Niño and What It Means to Be "El Niño Ready" -- 5 Deconstructing Readiness -- 6 Limits to Readiness -- 7 Being Ready: The Who, the by When, and the to What Degree -- 8 Strategic and Tactical Responses -- 9 Using El Niño History and Science -- 10 Climate Change and ENSO -- 11 "Mostly El Niño": Uncertainty and Degrees of Attribution -- References -- East Asia -- China -- 1 Climate, Water, and Weather Setting -- 2 Strength and Reliability of El Niño Teleconnections in China -- 3 Forecasting El Niño -- 4 El Niño Analogue Years Noted -- 5 Early Warning -- 6 CMA's El Niño Information and Forecasts -- 7 First Observations of 2015-2016 El Niño -- 8 Impacts Across China -- 9 Regional Impacts of El Niño -- 10 Government and NMHS -- 11 Inter-Agencies Involved with El Niño Forecasts and Impacts -- 12 Media Coverage -- 13 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 14 El Niño-Related Surprises -- 15 Some Lessons Learned from El Niño Events -- References -- South Asia -- The Maldives -- 1 Political and Economic Setting -- 2 Climate of Maldives -- 3 Strength of El Niño Teleconnections in Maldives -- 4 Challenges in Communicating El Niño to and Its Impacts on Society -- 5 Forecasting El Niño for Maldives -- 6 Teleconnections During the 2014-16 El Niño and Their Impacts -- 6.1 2014-2016 El Niño Event -- 6.2 Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD) -- 6.3 Indian Ocean Warming -- 6.4 Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) -- 7 Climate Over Maldives, 2014-2016 -- 7.1 Rainfall -- 7.2 Temperature -- 8 What Were the Impacts on the Maldives? -- 8.1 Coral Bleaching -- 8.2 Flooding -- 8.3 Dengue -- 8.4 Fisheries -- 9 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 10 Lessons -- References -- Pakistan.1 Political and Economic Setting -- 2 Strength of El Niño Teleconnections in Pakistan -- 3 Forecasting El Niño in Pakistan -- 4 El Niño Information and Forecasts -- 5 2015-2016 El Niño -- 5.1 Detection -- 5.2 Governance and Policy Response -- 6 Lessons Identified -- References -- Sri Lanka -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Political and Economic Setting and Vulnerability -- 3 Climate of Sri Lanka -- 4 Teleconnections with the Sri Lankan Climate -- 4.1 Impact of El Niño on Sri Lankan Climate -- 4.2 Influences of Indian Ocean Dipole -- 4.3 Indian Ocean Warming (IOW) -- 4.4 Madden-Julian Oscillation (MJO) -- 5 Forecasting El Niño -- 6 El Niño Information and Forecasting -- 7 Events During the 2014-2016 El Niño -- 8 Climate During the 2014-2016 El Niño -- 9 El Niño's Sectoral Impacts -- 9.1 Coral Bleaching -- 9.2 Drought in 2013-2014 -- 9.3 Flooding, October-December 2015 -- 9.4 Landslides and Floods, May 2016 -- 9.5 Hydropower -- 9.6 Rice Cultivation -- 9.7 Coconut Cultivation -- 9.8 Tea Cultivation -- 9.9 Dengue -- 10 Government and NMHS -- 11 Interagency Activities Dealing with El Niño Forecasts and Impacts -- 12 Media Coverage -- 13 Lessons Learned from El Niño Events -- References -- Southeast Asia -- The Philippines -- 1 The Philippines Context -- 2 Society -- 3 Economy -- 4 Geopolitical Structure -- 5 Research Method -- 6 An Overview of the 2015-2016 El Niño Event -- 7 Forecasting El Niño -- 8 The Media -- 9 "El Niño Readiness" Discourse: A Thematic Analysis -- 10 El Niño Impacts -- 11 Additional Noteworthy Impacts -- 12 Preparedness -- 13 Barriers to Preparedness -- 14 El Niño Discourse's Dominant Voices -- 15 Other Voices -- 16 Conflicting Voices -- 17 Concluding Comments -- References -- Myanmar -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Global El Niño Situation in Early 2016 -- 3 A Brief History of El Niño in Myanmar -- 4 The 2016 El Niño Outlook Forum (ENOF).5 Way Forward -- References -- Timor-Leste -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Drought, Agriculture, and Food Insecurity in Timor-Leste -- 3 The El Niño-Triggered Food Crisis of 2015-16 -- 3.1 El Niño Impacts in Timor-Leste -- 3.2 Timing of Impacts and Mitigative Actions Taken -- 3.3 Challenges Faced During the Drought Response -- 4 Modernizing Timor-Leste's NDMG to Support a Food Security EWS -- 4.1 Food Security-Focused Climate Products and Services -- 4.2 NDMG and User Interface -- 4.3 NDMG Modernization: Part of Broader Development and Investment Planning -- 5 Conclusions -- References -- Vietnam -- 1 Political and Economic Setting -- 2 ENSO-Related Risk Management Systems in Vietnam -- 3 El Niño Teleconnections in Vietnam -- 4 Analogue Year Data -- 5 Forecasting and Early Warning El Niño -- 6 The 2015-16 El Niño -- 7 Impacts of the 2015-16 El Niño on Vietnam -- 7.1 Agriculture and Food Security -- 7.2 Electricity Production -- 7.3 Health and Water Security -- 7.4 Sudden-Onset Extreme Events -- 7.5 Biodiversity and Ecology -- 8 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 9 Some Lessons Learned from El Niño Events in Vietnam -- 10 Vietnam Country Case Study Executive Summary -- References -- South Pacific -- Fiji -- 1 Fiji Context: Political and Economic Setting -- 2 Strength of El Niño Teleconnections in Fiji -- 3 Response to the 2015-16 El Niño Forecast -- 4 First Forecast of the 2015-16 El Niño -- 5 Analogue Years Noted Before the 2015-16 El Niño Event -- 6 Forecasting the 2015-16 El Niño -- 7 The 2015-16 El Niño Early Warning -- 8 The 2015-16 El Niño Impacts in Fiji -- 9 Tropical Cyclone Winston: Early Warning and Response -- 10 Media Coverage of the 2015-2016 El Niño -- 11 Regional Impacts of El Niño 2015-16 -- 12 National Hydrological and Meteorological Services (NHMSs) -- 13 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 14 Lessons Learned from the 2015-16 El Niño -- References.Pacific Islands Region -- 1 Introduction -- 2 El Niño's Potential Impacts in the Pacific Region -- 3 Preparedness for El Niño -- 4 Conclusions -- References -- Sub-Saharan Africa -- Ethiopia -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Climate-Related Hazards and Disaster -- 3 Different Governments, Different Levels of Preparedness -- 4 El Niño and the Ethiopian Economy -- 5 Ethiopian Preparedness and the 2015-16 El Niño -- 6 Impacts of and Responses to the 2015-16 El Niño -- 7 Resource Mobilization -- 8 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 9 Lessons Learned -- 10 Conclusions -- References -- Kenya-Regional -- 1 Introduction and Setting -- 2 The East African Climate -- 3 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- Kenya-Local -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Enabling Effective Preparedness and Response to Early Warning -- 3 Data Collection Methods -- 4 Study Area and Broader Context -- 5 Findings and Discussion -- 5.1 2015-16 El Niño Predictions in Kenya -- 5.2 Micro-Level Understanding and Perception of the El Niño Phenomenon -- 5.3 Micro-Level Impacts of the El Niño Rains, 2015 -- 5.4 Effectiveness of El Niño Early Warning Dissemination at the Local Level -- 5.5 Community Response and Preparedness Actions -- 6 Conclusions and Recommendations -- References -- South Africa -- 1 Introduction -- 2 Socio-Political and Environmental Context of South Africa -- 2.1 Introduction to South Africa -- 2.2 Socioeconomic Context -- 2.3 Weather and Climate Patterns in South Africa -- 3 El Niño in South Africa: Science, Detection, and Impacts -- 3.1 El Niño Detection and Warning Issuance in South Africa -- 3.2 Past and Current El Niños -- 3.3 Impacts of the 2015-16 El Niño in South Africa -- 4 To Be Forewarned is to Be Forearmed: How South Africa Responded to the 2015-16 El Niño-Related Droughts -- 4.1 Governmental Structure, Legislation, and Processes -- 5 Response to the 2015-16 El Niño.5.1 Response to Early Warnings -- 6 Response to Drought Impacts -- 7 Drought (Mis-)Management -- 8 El Niño in the Media -- 9 Lessons Learned for El Niño Readiness in South Africa: Insights from El Niño -- 9.1 Evolution of Drought Management Practices -- 9.2 Lessons Learned and Recommendations -- References -- Latin America -- Central America -- 1 Introduction -- 2 The Central American Context -- 3 Contending with Hydrometeorological Hazards in Central America -- 4 From Major Disasters to Prevention -- 5 El Niño in Central America -- 6 El Niño 2015-16: Early Forecasts and News Reports -- 7 El Niño Reporting on Central American Internet News Sites -- 8 The Credibility of the Region's NMHSs -- 9 Concluding Comments -- References -- Cuba -- 1 Political and Economic Setting -- 2 El Niño Teleconnections: Regional Impacts of El Niño -- 3 Impacts in Cuba -- 4 Forecasting El Niño -- 5 Suggested Analogue El Niño Years Noted During the 2015-16 Event -- 6 Early Warning -- 7 El Niño Information and Forecasts -- 8 First Indicators of the 2015-16 El Niño -- 9 Government and the NMHS -- 10 Inter-agencies Involved in El Niño Forecasting and Response -- 11 Media Coverage -- 12 Hurdles and Obstacles -- 13 El Niño-Related Surprises in Cuba -- 14 Lessons Learned from El Niño Events -- References -- Ecuador -- 1 Setting -- 2 The 2015-16 El Niño Event -- References -- The Panama Canal -- 1 Setting -- 2 The Strength of El Niño Teleconnections in Panama -- 3 Forecasting El Niño -- 3.1 Previous El Niño Years -- 4 Early Warning -- 5 The Source of Panama's El Niño Information and Forecasts -- 5.1 Formation of the 2015-16 El Niño -- 6 2015-16 El Niño Impacts on Panama -- 7 Regional Impacts of El Niño -- 8 Government and the NMHS -- 9 Inter-Agencies Involved with El Niño Forecasts and Impacts -- 9.1 Media Coverage -- 10 Hurdles and Obstacles.10.1 Lessons Learned from Past and Current El Niño Events.Disaster Studies and ManagementEmergency managementCatàstrofes naturalsthubCanvi climàticthubGestió d'emergènciesthubLlibres electrònicsthubEmergency management.Catàstrofes naturalsCanvi climàticGestió d'emergències363.3472Glantz Michael H.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910551830003321The boy ready nations and disaster risk reduction2935210UNINA