07073nam 22006611c 450 991045083150332120200115203623.01-4725-6004-31-281-08276-797866110827651-84731-354-X10.5040/9781472560049(CKB)1000000000405758(EBL)317923(OCoLC)476111479(SSID)ssj0000131184(PQKBManifestationID)11148793(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000131184(PQKBWorkID)10016821(PQKB)10102249(MiAaPQ)EBC1772694(MiAaPQ)EBC317923(UtOrBLW)bpp09255781(Au-PeEL)EBL317923(EXLCZ)99100000000040575820140929d2007 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrThe cost of democracy party funding in modern British politics K. D. Ewing1st ed.Oxford Portland, Ore. Hart Publishing 2007.1 online resource (294 p.)Description based upon print version of record.1-84113-716-2 Includes bibliographical references and indexPreface -- 1 A Drama Unfolds -- Introduction -- The Conservative Funding Legacy -- The 'Arms Race' -- The Labour Party's Response -- Questions for the Labour Party -- The Ecclestone Affair -- The Neill Committee -- Conclusion -- 2 Regulatory Objectives -- The Prevention of Corruption and Conflicts of Interest -- Equality of Opportunity and Fair Competition for Political Office -- A Need to Ensure that Political Parties are Adequately Funded -- Promoting Citizen Participation in the Funding of Political Parties -- Respect for the Nature and Diversity of Party Structure -- The Protection of Human Rights -- Conclusion -- 3 Regulatory Methods -- Introduction -- Transparency and Disclosure -- Contribution Controls -- Spending Controls -- State Aid and Public Funding -- Self-Regulation or State Regulation? -- Supervision and Enforcement -- Conclusion -- 4 Party Autonomy and Public Accountability -- Introduction -- Diversity of Party Structure -- The Principle of Party Autonomy -- Autonomy of Party Organisation: The Role of Legislation -- Autonomy and Legality -- From Autonomy to Accountability: Registration and Party Identity -- State Supervision: Registration and Financial Accountability -- Conclusion -- 5 Donations to Political Parties: The Regulatory Framework -- Introduction -- Disclosure and Corruption -- Who May Donate to Political Parties? -- The Mechanics of Reporting and Disclosure -- Who Does Donate to Political Parties? -- The Problem of Avoidance -- Loopholes in the Regulatory Framework -- Conclusion -- 6 From 'Sleaze' to 'High-Value Donors' to Loans -- Introduction -- 'Sleaze': The Continuing Problem of Political Donations -- The Labour Party's Response -- 'High-Value Donors': The Labour Party -- 'High-Value Donors': The Conservative Party -- The Loans Affair: A New Problem Erupts -- Implications and Consequences of the Loans Affair -- Conclusion -- 7 Spending Limits in Election Campaigns -- Regulatory Challenges -- The Victorian Legacy: Candidate Limits -- The Problem of Third Parties -- Spending Limits on Political Parties -- Calculating and Enforcing the Limit -- Spending Limits and Third Parties -- Spending Limits in Practice - The First Cycle -- The General Election 2005 -- Conclusion -- 8 The Role of the State: Supporting Candidates and Political Parties -- Introduction -- Regulatory Challenges -- Responsibility of the State -- Meeting the State's Responsibility -- Party Political Broadcasts: Transferring the State's Obligations -- New Forms of State Support -- Proposals for Additional State Support -- Reluctance and Resistance to Change -- Tax Relief - A False Trail -- Conclusion -- 9 Lessons from Canada -- Introduction -- Political Parties in Canada -- The Election Expenses Act 1974 -- The Parties and their Funds -- Bill C-24, Political Donations and State Funding -- The Impact of Bill C-24 -- Bill C-24 and Party Structure -- Conclusion -- 10 Building on PPERA -- Introduction -- The Next Step - Regulatory Objectives -- The Problems with Contribution Limits -- Donations - Let the Members Decide -- A Focus on Spending -- State Aid: Building on the British Model? -- Making a Fresh Start - Back to Houghton -- Qualifying Conditions for State Support -- Promoting Democracy: A Quid Pro Quo -- Conclusion -- Appendices -- Appendix 1: Exchange of Letters between the Labour Party and Sir Patrick Neill QC -- Appendix 2: Annual Accounts of the Political Parties -- Appendix 3: The Structure of the Labour Party -- Appendix 4: From Election Funding to Political Funding in Germany -- Appendix 5: State Funding in Sweden - Party Autonomy and Public FundingParty funding has given rise to great controversy since 1997, and continues to do so. In recent years, row has followed row - from million-pound donations, to the so-called 'loans for peerages' affair. The question was the subject of an official investigation by Sir Hayden Phillips, whose blueprint for reform was produced in March 2007. This book charts the evolution of the party funding problem in recent years and explores the weaknesses of the Political Parties, Elections and Referendums Act 2000, which was enacted in a vain attempt to clean up British politics. The book sets out a number of core principles which should inform the development of public policy in this field, and examines the different strategies for the implementation of these principles. Having regard to the experience of othercountries, including Canada, Germany and Sweden, a radical framework ofreform is proposed, designed to address the emerging crisis of party government with serious implications for democracy itself. The main concern is with the development of bold reform initiatives to encourage political parties to recruit and retain members, and give members rights in relation to the government and administration of these parties. This thoughtful yet hard-hitting account by one of the leading scholars in the field will be of interest to constitutional lawyers and political scientists, as well as journalists and those with an interest in the way we are governedCampaign fundsGreat BritainConstitutional & administrative lawCampaign fundsLaw and legislationGreat BritainPolitical partiesGreat BritainGreat BritainPolitics and government1997-Electronic books.Campaign fundsCampaign fundsLaw and legislationPolitical parties324.241/011Ewing K. D(Keith D.)1021976UtOrBLWUtOrBLWUkLoBPBOOK9910450831503321The cost of democracy2493034UNINA07632nam 2200517 450 991052374840332120220713210508.03-030-80447-X(CKB)4950000000283546(MiAaPQ)EBC6789365(Au-PeEL)EBL6789365(OCoLC)1283856184(PPN)258302127(EXLCZ)99495000000028354620220713d2022 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierSport-related sudden cardiac death causes and prevention /edited by Pietro Delise and Paolo ZeppilliCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2022]©20221 online resource (196 pages)3-030-80446-1 Includes bibliographical references.Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1: Sudden Death in Athletes: Autoptic Findings -- 1.1 Introduction -- 1.2 Aorta and Pulmonary Artery -- 1.3 Coronary Arteries -- 1.4 Myocardium -- 1.5 Valve Disease -- 1.6 Conduction System -- 1.7 Ion Channel Diseases: Sudden Death with Structurally Normal Heart -- 1.8 Role of Autopsy in Case of Sudden Death in Athletes -- 1.9 Toxicological Analysis -- 1.9.1 Sample Preparation -- 1.9.2 General Unknown Screening -- 1.9.3 Interpretation of Results -- References -- 2: Electrocardiographic Changes in the Athlete's Heart -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 The Athlete's ECG: General Considerations -- 2.3 Physiological Changes -- 2.4 Borderline Changes -- 2.5 Abnormal or Pathological Changes -- References -- 3: Benign Arrhythmias and Conduction Defects in Athletes -- 3.1 Sinus Arrhythmia -- 3.1.1 Definition -- 3.1.2 Epidemiology in Sport -- 3.1.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.2 Sinus Bradycardia -- 3.2.1 Definition -- 3.2.2 Epidemiology in Sport -- 3.2.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.3 Right Bundle Branch Block -- 3.3.1 Definition -- 3.3.2 Epidemiology in Sport -- 3.3.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.4 Left Bundle Branch Block -- 3.4.1 Definition -- 3.4.2 Epidemiology in Sport -- 3.4.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.5 Atrio-Ventricular Blocks -- 3.5.1 Definition -- 3.5.2 Epidemiology in Sport -- 3.5.3 Current Guidelines -- 3.6 Premature Ventricular Beats -- 3.6.1 Definition -- 3.6.2 Epidemiology in Athletes -- 3.6.3 Current Guidelines -- References -- 4: Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy and Left Ventricular Non-Compaction -- 4.1 Text -- 4.2 Risk Stratification in Athletes with Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy -- 4.3 Left Ventricular Non-Compaction Cardiomyopathy -- References -- 5: Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Definition and Pathological Findings.5.3 Pathophysiology of Ventricular Arrhythmias in AC -- 5.4 AC and SD in Athletes -- 5.5 Early Identification at Pre-participation Screening -- References -- 6: Acute and Chronic Myocarditis -- 6.1 Clinical and Electrocardiographic Findings -- 6.2 Additional Instrumental Findings (Imaging Techniques and Endomyocardial Biopsy) -- 6.3 Athletes with Fever: What to Suggest to Sports Physicians -- 6.4 Long-Term Outcome of Myocarditis: Chronic Persistence of Inflammation and Residual Fibrosis -- 6.5 Clinical and Prognostic Significance of Chronically Residual Fibrosis -- 6.6 When ECG Suggests the Presence of Fibrosis -- 6.7 Sport Eligibility After Myocarditis -- References -- 7: Congenital and Acquired Anomalies of Coronary Arteries -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Congenital Anomalies -- 7.3 Anomalous Origin of Coronary Arteries -- 7.4 Myocardial Bridge -- 7.5 Coronary Fistulae -- 7.6 Acquired Anomalies -- 7.6.1 Coronary Atherosclerosis -- 7.6.2 Kawasaki's Disease -- 7.6.3 Cocaine-Induced Coronary Disease -- References -- 8: Interpretation and Diagnostic Workup of Premature Ventricular Beats -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The Concept of "Common" and "Uncommon" PVBs -- 8.3 Pathological Substrates in Athletes with PVBs -- 8.4 Recent Evidence on Ventricular Ectopy in Athletes -- 8.5 Diagnostic Workup of Premature Ventricular Beats in Athletes -- 8.6 Conclusions -- References -- 9: Fear of Sudden Death During Sport Activity and the Long QT Syndrome -- 9.1 Foreword -- 9.2 Introduction -- 9.3 Key Features of LQTS -- 9.4 Problems and Errors -- 9.5 What Should Not Happen -- 9.6 A Dangerous Trap -- 9.7 Our Approach and Our Recommendations -- References -- 10: Short QT Syndrome -- 10.1 Background -- 10.2 ECG Diagnosis of Short QT Syndrome and Differential Diagnosis -- 10.2.1 QT and QTc Interval -- 10.2.2 QT/HR Relationship.10.2.3 Other ECG Features -- 10.2.3.1 T Wave Morphology and J-Tpeak Interval -- 10.2.3.2 PQ Segment Depression -- 10.2.3.3 Early Repolarisation Pattern -- 10.3 Genetics and Molecular Basis -- 10.4 Clinical Manifestations and Mechanisms of Arrhythmias -- 10.5 Management of SQTS Patients -- 10.6 Sports Recommendations -- References -- 11: Brugada ECG Pattern and Brugada Syndrome -- 11.1 Brugada Type 1 ECG and Prognosis -- 11.2 Genetic Basis of Brugada Syndrome -- 11.3 Risk Stratification in Individuals with Brugada Type 1 ECG Pattern -- 11.4 Brugada ECG Pattern in Athletes -- 11.5 Brugada Syndrome and Risk of SD Related to Sport Activity -- 11.6 Sports Eligibility in Subjects with Brugada Syndrome and a BrS Type 1 ECG -- 11.7 Drug-Induced Br Type 1 ECG: Indications and Sports Eligibility -- References -- 12: Early Repolarization Syndrome -- 12.1 Benign Left ER and ERS Differential Diagnosis -- 12.2 Early Repolarization Syndrome Causes and Complications -- 12.3 ERS ECG Pattern and Risk of SD Related to Sport Activity -- 12.3.1 Sports Eligibility in Subjects with Definite or Suspected ERS -- References -- 13: Catecholaminergic Polymorphic Ventricular Tachycardia -- 13.1 Introduction -- 13.2 Epidemiology -- 13.3 Genetic Background -- 13.3.1 Cardiac Ryanodine Receptor (RYR2) -- 13.3.2 Cardiac Calsequestrin (CASQ2) -- 13.4 Other Genes Associated with CPVT -- 13.4.1 Triadin (TRDN) -- 13.4.2 Calmodulin (CALM) -- 13.4.3 Trans-2,3-Enoyl-CoA Reductase-Like (TECRL) -- 13.5 Pathophysiology -- 13.5.1 Excitation-Contraction Coupling and Calcium-Induced Calcium Release (CICR) -- 13.6 Molecular Pathophysiology -- 13.6.1 RYR2 Mutations -- 13.6.2 CASQ2 Mutations -- 13.6.3 TRDN Mutations -- 13.7 Arrhythmogenic Mechanisms -- 13.8 Clinical Manifestations and Diagnosis -- 13.9 Differential Diagnosis -- 13.10 Principles of Management.13.11 Lifestyle -- 13.12 Pharmacological Treatment -- 13.12.1 Beta-Blockers -- 13.12.2 Flecainide -- 13.13 Left Cardiac Sympathetic Denervation -- 13.14 Implantable Cardioverter Defibrillator -- 13.15 Future Therapies -- References -- 14: Sport Activity in Subjects with Implantable Defibrillator -- 14.1 Background -- 14.2 Epidemiology -- 14.3 Cultural Aspects and Published Experiences -- 14.4 Actual Recommendations (Tables 14.1, 14.2, and 14.3) -- 14.5 Subcutaneous ICD -- 14.6 Discussion and Perspectives -- References.HeartDiseasesDiagnosisSudden deathHeart failureHeartDiseasesDiagnosis.Sudden death.Heart failure.616.12075Delise PietroZeppilli PaoloMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910523748403321Sport-related sudden cardiac death2899374UNINA