01315nam--2200385---450-99000109945020331620091022085443.090-411-1731-8000109945USA01000109945(ALEPH)000109945USA0100010994520021113d2001----km-y0enga50------baengNLy|||z|||001yy<<The>> african human rights systemits laws, practoce, and institutionsby Vincent O. Orlu Nmehielle[The Hague]Kluwer Law Internationalcopyr. 2001XXX, 443 p.24 cmInternational studies in human rights692001International studies in human rights69Diritti dell'uomoTutelaLegislazioneAfrica342.6085NMEHIELLE,Vincent O. Orlu554229ITSalbcISBD990001099450203316XXIII.1.H. 125 (IG VIII 10 706)34356 GXXIII.1.H. 125 (IG VIII)00098124BKGIUMARIA1020021113USA010941CHIARA9020030210USA011621PATRY9020040406USA011716RSIAV49020091022USA010854African human rights system977787UNISA07915nam 22004813 450 991051056270332120211201080206.09783540742593(electronic bk.)9783540742579(MiAaPQ)EBC6818667(Au-PeEL)EBL6818667(CKB)19941827300041(OCoLC)1287129761(EXLCZ)991994182730004120211201d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierSkull Base SurgeryBerlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,2021.©2022.1 online resource (98 pages)Springer Surgery Atlas Ser.Print version: Cheesman, Anthony Skull Base Surgery Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin / Heidelberg,c2021 9783540742579 Intro -- Foreword: Skull Base Surgery -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- 1: General Considerations -- 1.1 Concepts Underlying Anterior Skull Base Surgery -- 1.2 Evolution of Anterior Skull Base Surgery -- 1.3 Skull Base Approaches -- Need for Good Anatomical Knowledge with Transnasal Approaches -- 1.4 General Workup for Skull Base Procedures -- Imaging -- Image Guidance -- Patient Positioning -- Anaesthesia -- Temporary Tarsorrhaphy -- Lacrimal Stenting -- References -- 2: Sub-frontal Approach (Spectacle Incision Approach) -- 2.1 Workup of Cases -- 2.2 Patient Position -- 2.3 Anaesthesia -- 2.4 Image Guidance -- 2.5 Microscope -- 2.6 Frozen Section Facilities -- 2.7 Surgical Approach -- Trans-Nasal Approach to the Skull Base -- Bi-Coronal Approach -- Spectacle Incision and Glabella Bone Flap (Sub-frontal) -- Design of Bone Flap -- Soft Tissue Approach -- Clearance of Nasal Extent of the Disease -- Resection of the Skull Base and Intracranial Portion of the Tumour -- Dural Repair -- Resection of Involved Orbital Periosteum -- Lacrimal Stenting -- Packing of the Craniofacial Cavity -- Bone Repair -- Bone Flap Repair -- Skin Closure -- Alternative Methods of Dural Repair -- References -- 3: Supraorbital Craniotomy -- 3.1 Skin Incision -- 3.2 Placement of the Initial Entry Point -- 3.3 Bone Flap Completed -- 3.4 The Dura -- 3.5 Dural Opening -- 3.6 Intracranial Exposure -- 3.7 Closure -- Suggested Reading -- 4: Orbitozygomatic Approach -- 4.1 Head Position (Fig. 4.1) -- 4.2 Skin Incision -- 4.3 Completed Scalp Flap -- 4.4 Pterional Bone Flap (Fig. 4.3) -- 4.5 Orbitozygomatic Osteotomy (Fig. 4.4) -- 4.6 Dural Exposure (Figs. 4.5 and 4.6) -- 4.7 Dural Reflection (Fig. 4.6) -- 4.8 Dural Closure 9 Replacement of Orbitozygomatic Bony Flap (Fig. 4.7) -- 4.9 Replacement of Pterional Bone Flap.4.10 Repair of Temporalis Muscle -- 4.11 Skin Closure (Fig. 4.8) -- Suggested Reading -- 5: Le Fort 1 Approach -- 5.1 Approach Diagram (Fig. 5.1) -- 5.2 Patient Position -- 5.3 Sublabial Incision Marking (Fig. 5.2) -- 5.4 Sublabial Incision to Bone (Fig. 5.3) -- 5.5 Placement of Metal Plates (Fig. 5.4) -- 5.6 Anterior Maxillary Osteotomy (Fig. 5.5) -- 5.7 Posterior Osteotomy (Fig. 5.6) -- 5.8 Mobilisation and Retraction (Fig. 5.7) -- Lateral View of Mobilisation (Fig. 5.8) -- 5.9 Archer Retractor (Fig. 5.9) -- Archer Retractor In Situ (Fig. 5.10) -- 5.10 Placement of Metal Plates (Fig. 5.11) -- 5.11 Mucosal Closure (Fig. 5.12) -- 6: Midfacial Degloving -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Patient Position -- 6.3 Anaesthesia -- 6.4 Rhinoplasty Approach -- 6.5 Elevation of the Facial Skin over the Anterior Aspect of the Maxilla -- Position and Injection for Sublabial Incision (Figs. 6.7, 6.8, and 6.9) -- 6.6 Linking the Labial and Nasal Incisions and Flap Elevation -- 6.7 Medial Maxillectomy to Expose the Antrum and Skull Base -- Elevation of Nasal Mucosa from Lateral Wall (Figs. 6.13 and 6.14) -- 6.8 Bony Steps of the Medial Maxillectomy -- Removal of the Anterior Wall of the Maxilla -- Identification and Opening of the Lacrimal Canal -- Removal of the Lateral Bony Wall -- 6.9 Management Juvenile Angiofibroma -- 6.10 Reconstruction of the Skull Base: Nasal Septal Flap -- Extension of the Bone Removal of the Medial Maxillectomy to Expose the Central Skull Base -- Anatomy of the Pterygopalatine Fossae -- Exploration of the Lateral Skull Base via Pterygopalatine Fossa -- Exploration of the Pituitary Fossa and Its Surrounding Structures -- 6.11 Reconstruction of Skull Base and Closure -- Lacrimal Stenting -- Nasal Packing -- Suturing -- 6.12 Immediate Post-operative Care -- References -- Suggested Reading -- 7: Lateral Rhinotomy.7.1 Foramina of Sphenoid Bone -- 7.2 Soft-Tissue Approaches -- 7.3 Bony Approaches (Fig. 7.2) -- 7.4 Maxillectomy -- 7.5 Medial Maxillectomy Procedure (Fig. 7.3) -- 7.6 Patient Workup -- 7.7 Patient Position and Anaesthesia -- 7.8 Technique for Medial Maxillectomy Approach -- Indications for Use -- Incision Design -- Exposure of Anterior and Superior Walls of the Maxilla -- Separation of Nasal Soft Tissues from Medial Aspect of Maxilla -- 7.9 Mobilisation of Orbital Floor -- 7.10 Medial Maxillectomy Osteotomies -- 7.11 Alternative Method of Reconstruction -- The Septal Mucosal Flap -- Maxillectomy and Orbital Exenteration -- Operative Technique -- Soft-Tissue Approach -- Facial Incision (Fig. 7.16a) -- Oral Incisions (Fig. 7.16b) -- Nasal Incision -- 7.12 Maxillectomy Osteotomies (Fig. 7.18) -- 7.13 Possible Resection of the Inferior Orbital Periosteum -- 7.14 Repair -- 7.15 Immediate Post-operative Rehabilitation -- 7.16 Maxillofacial Technical Help -- 7.17 Orbital Exenteration -- Additional Steps Needed for Orbital Exenteration -- Additional Removal of the Orbital Wall Following Maxillectomy -- References -- Suggested Reading -- 8: Bicoronal Flap, Frontal Craniotomy -- 8.1 Patient Position (Fig. 8.2) -- 8.2 Shaving (Fig. 8.3) -- 8.3 Incision (Fig. 8.4a, b) -- 8.4 Application of Haemostatic Clips (Fig. 8.5) -- 8.5 Raising the Scalp Flap (Fig. 8.6) -- 8.6 Raising the Pericranial Flap (Figs. 8.7 and 8.8) -- 8.7 Anatomical Landmarks (Fig. 8.9) -- 8.8 Exposure of the Superior Orbital Margin (Fig. 8.10) -- 8.9 Glabellar Flap (Fig. 8.11) -- 8.10 Application of Titanium Mini-Plates (Fig. 8.12) -- 8.11 Drill Placement (Fig. 8.13) -- 8.12 Exposure and Removal of Posterior Wall of Frontal Sinus (Fig. 8.14) -- 8.13 Dural Incision and Tumour Exposure (See Figs. 2.11 and 2.12) -- 8.14 Tumour Removal (See Fig. 2.13).8.15 Dural Repair (See Figs. 2.15 and 2.16) -- 8.16 Replacement of Bone Flap (See Fig. 2.20) -- 8.17 Unilateral Frontal Flap (Fig. 8.15) -- 8.18 Bifrontal Flap (Fig. 8.16) -- 8.19 Craniotome (Fig. 8.17) -- 8.20 Elevation of Bone Flap (Fig. 8.18) -- 8.21 Retraction of Frontal Lobes and Exposure of Orbital Roofs and Cribriform Plate (Fig. 8.19) -- 8.22 Skin Closure (Fig. 8.20) -- 8.23 Cranioplasty: Planned Replacement of Involved Skull with a Preformed Cranioplasty (Figs. 8.21, 8.22, 8.23, 8.24, and 8.25) -- Suggested Reading.This illustrated book represents a genuinely multi-disciplinary and collaborative approach to the standard procedures in skull base surgery. It emphasizes the basic operative steps of each approach and describes variations from the basic approach.Springer Surgery Atlas Ser.Electronic books.617.514Cheesman Anthony1068501Alusi Ghassan1068502Sabin H. Ian1068503MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQ9910510562703321Skull Base Surgery2553464UNINA