11400nam 2200613 450 991050639990332120230607151854.0981-16-5784-X(CKB)5340000000068353(MiAaPQ)EBC6792469(Au-PeEL)EBL6792469(OCoLC)1280602105(EXLCZ)99534000000006835320220718d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierControversies in medium of instruction reform the experience of Hong Kong /Shek Kam Tse, Wing-Wah Ki, Mark Shiu Kee ShumSingapore :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (331 pages)981-16-5783-1 Intro -- Foreword -- Acknowledgements -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Introduction to the Book and the Chapter -- 1.2 Medium of Instruction Policies in Other Former British Colonies -- 1.2.1 Malaysia -- 1.2.2 Singapore -- 1.2.3 Conclusion of the Section -- 1.3 Status of Chinese and English in the Hong Kong Context -- 1.3.1 Sociopolitical Context -- 1.3.2 Socio-economic Context -- 1.3.3 Sociocultural Context -- 1.4 Theoretical Concepts of Bilingual Education -- 1.4.1 Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD) -- 1.4.2 Benefit of Bilingual Education for Cognitive Growth -- 1.4.3 Threshold Hypothesis -- 1.4.4 BICS and CALP -- 1.4.5 Length of Time for Acquisition of BICS and CALP -- 1.4.6 SUP, CUP and Interdependence Hypothesis -- 1.4.7 Additive and Subtractive Bilingualism -- 1.4.8 Replacive and Preparatory Bilingualism -- 1.4.9 Learner's Motivation, Identity and Inputs -- 1.4.10 Language Acquisition Versus Language Learning -- 1.5 Chapter Conclusion and Structure of the Rest of the Book -- References -- 2 Languages Used in Hong Kong -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 English Language Usage in Hong Kong -- 2.3 Varieties of Chinese Language Used in Hong Kong -- 2.4 Code-Mixing -- 2.4.1 Code-Mixing of Chinese and English -- 2.4.2 Code-Mixing of Modern Standard Chinese and Cantonese -- 2.5 Standardization Challenges in Chinese Language Education and Training -- 2.5.1 Terminologies -- 2.5.2 Character Systems -- 2.5.3 Transliterations After 1997 -- 2.5.4 Standardization of Chinese Input Methods -- 2.5.5 Issues of Genre in Practical Chinese Writing -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3 Medium of Instruction Policy: Historical Background and the 1998 Reform -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 The Changing Face of the Language Policy in Hong Kong -- 3.2.1 The Eighteenth Century -- 3.2.2 The 1930 to 1960s -- 3.2.3 The 1970s -- 3.2.4 The 1980s -- 3.2.5 The 1990s.3.2.6 The 2000s -- 3.2.7 Summary -- 3.3 The Calls for Mother-Tongue Education at Different Times -- 3.3.1 Hong Kong Pre-1949 -- 3.3.2 Post-second World War -- 3.3.3 The 1965 White Paper -- 3.3.4 The 1973 Green Paper -- 3.3.5 The 1974 White Paper -- 3.3.6 The 1980s to the 1997 Handover -- 3.3.7 The 1982 Llewellyn Report -- 3.3.8 The Education Commission Reports (ECRs) -- 3.4 Try to Strike a New Balance: Stepping into Being an SAR of China -- 3.4.1 The 1998 Medium of Instruction Reform -- 3.4.2 The Resistance, Achievements and Winding-Down of the Reform -- 3.5 Conclusion -- References -- 4 Transitional Issues in the Implementation of New MOI Policy -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 Teachers' Perception of Mother-Tongue Education -- 4.2.1 The Effects of Mother-Tongue Teaching -- 4.2.2 Parental Opposition -- 4.2.3 Allocation of Extra Resources on English Learning -- 4.2.4 MOI Dilemma at Senior Secondary Levels of CMI Schools -- 4.2.5 The Language Transition Between Junior and Senior Secondary Levels -- 4.2.6 Harnessing the Advantages of Mother-Tongue Education -- 4.2.7 The English Language Proficiency of Students -- 4.3 Difficulties Encountered in Implementing Mother-Tongue Education -- 4.3.1 Language Use -- 4.3.2 Teacher Training -- 4.3.3 Resources Support -- 4.3.4 Teaching Syllabi and Assessment Mechanisms -- 4.4 The CMI Schools' Decision on MOI at Senior Secondary Levels -- 4.4.1 Actual MOI Used at Secondary 4 Level in year 2001-02 -- 4.4.2 Planning the MOI of Secondary 6 in Year 2003-04 -- 4.4.3 Special Feature-Teaching One Subjects with Two MOI -- 4.4.4 Problems Faced by Teachers at the Senior Secondary Level -- 4.4.5 Factors Affecting the Choice of MOI at Senior Secondary Levels -- 4.4.6 Decision Process on the school's Senior Secondary MOI Policy -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- 5 Collaborative Support and Facilitation of Change in the Reform.5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Five Missions of the Centre -- 5.3 Mission 1: Boosting Teachers' Confidence -- 5.3.1 Overcoming the Problem of Using Chinese on Computers -- 5.3.2 Supporting Teachers to Develop Their Command of Chinese -- 5.3.3 Additional Learning Resources -- 5.4 Mission 2: Advancement in Pedagogy -- 5.4.1 Promoting Good Teaching and Learning Practices in CMI Schools -- 5.4.2 Identifying a Core Theory for Learning in the Centre -- 5.4.3 Collaborative Innovative Learning and Assessment Designs -- 5.5 Advancing Project Learning and Assessment -- 5.6 Study on Classroom Discourse and Space of Learning -- 5.7 Mission 3: Advancing Subject-Specific Genre Awareness -- 5.8 Mission 4: Broadening Horizons -- 5.9 Mission 5: Formation of Collaborative Community -- 5.10 Working Principles -- 5.10.1 Face-To-Face Discussion and Computer Network Sharing -- 5.10.2 Service and Research -- 5.11 Conclusion -- 5.11.1 What a Large-Scale Education Reform Would Demand -- 5.11.2 Why University Centre Could Be Useful Mechanism to Support Reform -- 5.11.3 Government Support for Such a Centre Could not Be Long-Term -- References -- 6 Interlanguage and Subject-Specific Genres -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Language Interference -- 6.2.1 Interlanguage -- 6.2.2 Second Language (English) Interference -- 6.3 Subject-Specific Genre -- 6.3.1 Research into Subject-Specific Genres -- 6.3.2 Genre Studies in Hong Kong -- 6.4 Conclusion -- References -- 7 Multiple-Case Study at the School Level -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 A Multiple-Case Study of the Experiences of Chinese-Medium Schools -- 7.3 Details of the Sample Schools -- 7.4 Research Findings -- 7.4.1 Reasons of Using CMI Before the Time of the 1998 MOI Reform -- 7.4.2 Strategies Used to Facilitate the Change of Instructional Medium -- 7.4.3 Modes of MOI Used in Senior Secondary Levels.7.4.4 Effects of CMI on English Language Learning -- 7.4.5 Measures to Enhance English Language Learning -- 7.4.6 Difficulties Encountered During the Transition -- 7.4.7 Benefits of Using the Mother-Tongue as the MOI -- 7.5 Conclusion -- References -- 8 Evidence of Success of the MOI Reform -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 The CMI Centre 2005 Survey -- 8.2.1 Purpose of the Study -- 8.2.2 Methodology -- 8.2.3 Major Findings Related to the MOI Policy -- 8.3 Analyses of Public Examinations Results -- 8.3.1 Subject Learning and Eligibility for Educational Advancement -- 8.3.2 English Language Performance -- 8.4 Longitudinal Study Comparing CMI and EMI School Students -- 8.5 Conclusion -- 8.5.1 Some Highlights About the Findings -- 8.5.2 Seeing the Impact in Context -- 8.5.3 Additional Efforts and Measures at the School Level -- 8.5.4 The Need to Explore Bilingual Education -- References -- 9 Review and "Fine-Tuning" of the MOI Reform Policy -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Persistent Criticism Against the 1998 MOI Reform -- 9.3 The 2005 EC's Official Review of the MOI Reform -- 9.3.1 Uphold Mother-Tongue Teaching -- 9.3.2 Enhancing English Proficiency Concurrently -- 9.4 Further Intensified Worry About English Standards -- 9.4.1 HKCEE English Language Results -- 9.4.2 HKALE English Language Results -- 9.4.3 Tsang's Study About University Admission -- 9.5 The "Fine-Tuning" of MOI Policy -- 9.5.1 The Objective of the "Fine-Tuning" -- 9.5.2 Framework of the "Fine-Tuning" -- 9.5.3 Unpublicized Reason of "Fine-Tuning": Drop in Student Population -- 9.6 Educators Expressing Resentment Against the Fine-Tuning -- 9.7 Educators Affirming the MOI "Fine-Tuning" as Improvement -- 9.8 Changes at the School Level After the Implementation of "Fine-Tuning" -- 9.8.1 MOI Adopted by Schools at the Junior Secondary Level -- 9.8.2 Class-Based MOI Division.9.8.3 Subject-Based MOI Division and Other Differentiated Arrangements -- 9.8.4 Impact on Learning When MOI Changed from CMI to EMI -- 9.8.5 Students' Attitude -- 9.9 Subsequent 6-Year Cycles of "Fine-Tuning" Implementation (2010-2022) -- 9.10 Advocacy for CLIL Teacher Development and Translanguaging in EMI Teaching -- 9.11 Conclusion -- References -- 10 Conclusion -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 The Achievements and Limitations of the 1998 MOI Reform -- 10.2.1 Remarkable Achievements in Advancing Teaching and Learning -- 10.2.2 Major Challenges and Efforts Behind Such Achievements -- 10.2.3 Had the MOI Reform Pulled the English Standards of Students Down? -- 10.2.4 CMI/EMI School Bifurcation-A Major Drawback -- 10.2.5 Section Conclusion -- 10.3 The Achievements and Limitations of the 2010 "Fine-Tuning" -- 10.4 Rising Demand on Both English and Chinese Languages Since 1997 -- 10.4.1 The Rising Value of English and the Persistent Fear of Losing It -- 10.4.2 The Rising Importance of Chinese -- 10.5 Diversity, Motivation and Self-determination of Students -- 10.6 Inclusive Versus Exclusive Mind-set in Seeing Relation Between Languages -- 10.7 Making "Additive and Inclusive Bilingualism" an Empowering Goal for Hong Kong -- 10.7.1 Present Teaching and Public Examinations in Chinese and English -- 10.7.2 "Two-Solitude" Bilingualism Versus Additive and Inclusive Bilingualism -- 10.7.3 Language Purism Versus Additive and Inclusive Bilingualism -- 10.7.4 Transitional Bilingualism Versus Additive and Inclusive Bilingualism -- 10.8 Researching Bilingual CLIL Pedagogy in the Hong Kong Specific Context -- 10.9 More Recommendations on Future MOI Policy Development -- 10.9.1 About the Relative Importance of Languages -- 10.9.2 About Language Bifurcation -- 10.9.3 About Bilingual Education Models -- 10.9.4 About Professional Autonomy -- 10.10 Conclusion -- References.Educational changeChinaHong KongLanguage and languagesStudy and teachingChinaHong KongLanguage policyChinaHong KongReforma de l'educacióthubEnsenyament de la llenguathubPolítica lingüísticathubHong Kong (Xina)thubLlibres electrònicsthubEducational changeLanguage and languagesStudy and teachingLanguage policyReforma de l'educacióEnsenyament de la llenguaPolítica lingüística370.951Xie Xijin1166632Ki Wing-WahShum Mark Shiu KeeMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910506399903321Controversies in medium of instruction reform2900984UNINA