11384nam 2200625 450 991050266220332120230503113338.03-030-76136-3(CKB)4940000000612691(MiAaPQ)EBC6730624(Au-PeEL)EBL6730624(OCoLC)1268983476(PPN)258056940(EXLCZ)99494000000061269120220622d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierTranscranial direct current stimulation in neuropsychiatric disorders clinical principles and management /edited by André R. Brunoni, Michael A. Nitsche, and Colleen K. LooSecond edition.Cham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (779 pages)Includes index.3-030-76135-5 Intro -- Foreword to the Second Edition -- Reference -- Foreword to the First Edition -- References -- Preface to the Second Edition -- Preface to the First Edition -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Introduction and Mechanisms of Action -- 1: Historical Aspects of Transcranial Electric Stimulation -- 1.1 The First Clinical-Therapeutic Electrical Applications: The Electric Fish -- 1.2 Transcranial Electrical Stimulation: From Electrostatic Machines to Volta's Pile -- 1.3 The Reappraisal of Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation (tDCS) from 1960 Onward -- 1.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- 2: Basic Mechanisms of Transcranial Alternating Current and Random Noise Stimulation -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Neurophysiological Effects -- 2.3 Evidence in Humans -- 2.4 Distinct tACS Variants -- 2.5 Clinical Applications -- 2.6 Conclusion -- References -- 3: Physiology of Transcranial Direct and Alternating Current Stimulation -- 3.1 Introduction -- 3.2 tDCS -- 3.2.1 tDCS Protocols and Effects -- Electrode Position/Configuration/Current Direction -- Current Intensity/Density -- Stimulation Duration/Interval -- 3.2.2 tDCS Physiology -- Regional Effects of tDCS -- Acute Alteration of Cortical Excitability -- Sustained Change of Cortical Excitability and Activity -- Pharmacology of tDCS -- tDCS Effect on Cortical Regions Other than M1 -- Inter-Regional Effects of tDCS -- 3.3 tACS -- 3.3.1 tACS Protocols and Effects -- Physiological Effects of tACS -- tACS Effects on Cognition and Behaviour -- 3.4 General Remarks -- References -- 4: Animal Models of tES: Methods, Techniques, and Safety -- 4.1 Methods -- 4.2 Modes of Noninvasive Electrical Brain Stimulation -- 4.3 Stimulation Artifact in Recording -- 4.4 Safety -- 4.4.1 Dose-Response and Safety -- 4.4.2 Safety Limits for Tissue Injury -- 4.5 The Quasi-Uniform Assumption.4.6 Dose Translation and Meaningful Animal Studies -- References -- 5: Animal Studies on the Mechanisms of Low-Intensity Transcranial Electric Stimulation -- 5.1 Neuronal Polarization and Need for Amplification -- 5.1.1 The Somatic Doctrine -- 5.1.2 Early Evidence on Modulation of Excitability, Polarity-Specific Effects -- 5.1.3 Polarization of Nonsomatic Components -- 5.1.4 Membrane Polarization and Coupling Constants -- 5.1.5 Amplification Through Both Timing and Rate -- 5.1.6 Seizure Threshold and Modulation -- 5.2 Synaptic Processing and Plasticity -- 5.2.1 Paradigms for Modulation of Synaptic Plasticity by Electric Stimulation -- 5.2.2 Effects of Direct Current Stimulation on LTP and LTD In Vitro -- 5.2.3 Molecular Mechanisms of tES-Induced Effects on Synaptic Plasticity -- 5.3 Morphological Changes -- 5.4 Network Effects -- 5.5 Interneurons and Nonneuronal Effects -- 5.5.1 Interneurons -- 5.5.2 Glia -- 5.5.3 Inflammation, Angiogenesis, and Apoptosis -- 5.6 Applications to Clinical Pathologies -- 5.6.1 Stroke -- 5.6.2 Addiction -- 5.6.3 Alzheimer's Disease -- 5.6.4 Chronic Stress and Depression -- 5.7 Prospects for Animal Research in tDCS/tACS Informing Ongoing Human Trials -- References -- Part II: Research Methods -- 6: TMS-Evoked EEG Response in Neuropsychiatric Disorders -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 Technical Aspects -- 6.2.1 General Issues -- 6.2.2 EEG Artifacts -- 6.2.3 Outcome Measures -- 6.3 Physiology -- 6.4 Neuropsychiatry -- 6.4.1 Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) -- 6.4.2 Schizophrenia -- 6.4.3 Mood Disorders -- 6.4.4 Substance Abuse Disorders -- 6.4.5 Alzheimer's Disease (AD) -- 6.5 Future Directions -- References -- 7: Multimodal Association of tDCS with Electroencephalography -- 7.1 Introduction: A Brief Picture of the Present State of Research.7.2 Principles of Multimodal Association -- 7.3 Advantages of Combining tES with Other Methods -- 7.4 Technical Aspects for the Combined Use of tES and EEG -- 7.5 tDCS-EEG in Studying Cortical Excitability, Connectivity and Plasticity -- 7.6 Multimodal Imaging as a Diagnostic/Prognostic Tool in Neuropsychiatric Disorders -- 7.7 Conclusions and Final Remarks -- References -- 8: tDCS and Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Combining tDCS and MRI -- 8.3 Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- 8.4 BOLD Functional MRI -- 8.4.1 Resting-State fMRI -- tDCS Has Significant, but Somewhat Unclear, Effects on Resting Functional Connectivity -- tDCS As a Potential Tool to Understand the Basis of Resting Functional Connectivity -- 8.4.2 Task-Based fMRI -- Studies in Healthy Controls -- 8.4.3 Arterial Spin Labelling (ASL) -- 8.5 Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy -- 8.5.1 1H-MRS -- Neurochemicals of Interest -- Glutamate -- GABA -- N-Acetylaspartic Acid and Creatine -- 8.5.2 31P-MRS -- 8.5.3 Combining tDCS with MRS -- 8.6 Current Density and Impedance Imaging -- 8.7 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References -- 9: tDCS and Functional Connectivity -- 9.1 Introduction -- 9.2 Motor Cortex -- 9.2.1 Effects of Anodal tDCS -- 9.2.2 Effects of Cathodal tDCS -- 9.2.3 Effects of Dual tDCS -- 9.3 Prefrontal tDCS -- 9.3.1 Prefrontal tDCS and Cognitive/Executive Functions -- 9.3.2 Prefrontal tDCS and Resting-State Network -- 9.4 Therapeutic Application of tDCS -- 9.4.1 Neurological Disorders -- Stroke -- Language Deficits -- 9.4.2 Psychiatric Disorders -- Schizophrenia -- Major Depressive Disorder -- 9.5 Effect Variability and Test-Retest Reliability of tDCS -- 9.6 Association Between Response Patterns and Baseline MRI Markers -- 9.7 Conclusions and Future Directions -- References.10: The Value of Neuroimaging for Treating Depression with Brain Stimulation -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.1.1 Non-invasive Brain Stimulation to Treat Depression -- 10.1.2 Network Theories of Depression -- 10.1.3 Why Combine NIBS and Neuroimaging? -- How Can NIBS Reach Deep Brain Regions? -- Contributions of Neuroimaging to the Clinical Application of NIBS -- 10.2 Does Neuroimaging-Guided Brain Target Localization Improve Treatment? -- 10.2.1 TMS -- Does Localization Accuracy Matter? -- 10.2.2 tDCS -- Neuroimaging Is Necessary to Test for Target Engagement -- 10.2.3 Summary -- 10.3 Mechanisms of NIBS Treatment -- 10.3.1 Effects on Brain Metabolism -- Physiological Effects of the Two Standard TMS Approaches -- Critical Assessment of the Reported Literature -- 10.3.2 Effects on Brain Networks in the Resting State -- TMS Effects on Resting-State Networks -- The Clinical Effect of TMS Is Associated with Connectivity Changes in the Subgenual ACC -- TMS Effects on the Three Major Resting-State Networks -- tDCS Effects on Resting-State Networks -- TDCS Effects on the Three Major Resting-State Networks -- Resting-State Analysis Suggests Alternative Target Regions -- 10.3.3 Physiological Effects During Concurrent NIBS and fMRI -- The Value of Measuring the Direct Physiological Effects of NIBS -- 10.3.4 Effects on Task fMRI -- 10.3.5 Structural Changes in Response to NIBS Treatment -- 10.3.6 Summary -- 10.4 Predictors of Treatment Response -- 10.4.1 Predictors Based on PET -- 10.4.2 Predictors Based on Resting-State Connectivity -- 10.4.3 Predictors Based on Task-Related Activity -- 10.4.4 Structural Predictors -- 10.4.5 Summary -- 10.5 Individualized Treatment -- 10.5.1 Adjusting the Target Region Based on Individual Anatomy -- 10.5.2 Categorization into Different Subtypes of Depression -- 10.5.3 Summary.10.6 Conclusions and Challenges -- References -- 11: Target Engagement with Transcranial Current Stimulation -- 11.1 Mechanistic Insights from Animal Studies -- 11.1.1 Effect of Electric Fields on Individual Neurons -- 11.1.2 TES Effect on Neuronal Firing Rate and Spike Timing -- 11.1.3 Interactions of Network Oscillations and Electric Fields -- 11.1.4 Outlasting Effects of Electric Fields -- 11.1.5 Interaction of Cellular and Network Mechanisms -- 11.2 Computational Models -- 11.2.1 Forward Models -- 11.2.2 Computational Neural Models -- 11.2.3 Future Directions -- 11.3 Effects of Weak Electric Fields on the Human Brain -- 11.3.1 Neurophysiology of tDCS in Humans -- 11.3.2 Mechanisms of tDCS in Humans -- 11.3.3 Neurophysiology of tACS in Humans -- 11.3.4 Mechanism of tACS in Humans -- 11.4 Spatial and Temporal Targeting to Improve Cognition -- 11.4.1 Frequency-Specific Effects of tACS -- 11.4.2 High-Density Spatial Targeting -- 11.4.3 Cross-Frequency tACS -- 11.5 Application of tES to Sleep Oscillations -- 11.5.1 Mechanisms of Slow Oscillations -- 11.5.2 Modulating the Slow Oscillation with Weak Electric Fields -- 11.6 Clinical Trials of tACS -- 11.7 Outlook -- References -- 12: Cerebellar and Spinal tDCS -- 12.1 Cerebellar Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation: Technique's Overview and Clinical Applications -- 12.2 Transcutaneous Spinal Direct Current Stimulation: Technique's Overview -- 12.3 Mechanisms of Action -- 12.3.1 Putative Mechanisms of Action at a Spinal Level -- 12.3.2 Putative Mechanisms of Action at a Supraspinal Level -- 12.4 Perspective on Clinical Studies -- 12.5 Why Should Psychiatrists Be Interested in Cerebellar/Spinal DC Stimulation? -- References -- 13: Precision Targeting of Neural Networks with tDCS Informed by Brain Mapping -- 13.1 Introduction.13.1.1 Identifying and Targeting Dysfunctional Large-Scale Brain Networks.Mental illnessTreatmentMagnetic brain stimulationPsychology, PathologicalTreatmentPsicopatologiathubEstimulació del cervellthubLlibres electrònicsthubMental illnessTreatment.Magnetic brain stimulation.Psychology, PathologicalTreatment.PsicopatologiaEstimulació del cervell612.822Brunoni AndréNitsche Michael1968-Loo ColleenMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910502662203321Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation in Neuropsychiatric Disorders2568788UNINA03308nam 2200517 450 991079285960332120231104002730.00-271-07967-310.1515/9780271079677(CKB)3710000001123802(MiAaPQ)EBC6224469(DE-B1597)584467(DE-B1597)9780271079677(OCoLC)1257324110(EXLCZ)99371000000112380220200930d2017 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierTaking turns stories from HIV/AIDS care Unit 371 /MK CzerwiecUniversity Park, Pennsylvania :The Pennsylvania State University Press,[2017]©20171 online resource (213 pages) illustrationsGraphic medicine0-271-07818-9 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Dedication --Introduction: 1993 --I. --II. --III. --IV. --V. --VI. --VII. --VIII. --IX. --X. --XI. --Acknowledgments --Notes --Additional BibliographyIn 1994, at the height of the AIDS epidemic in the United States, MK Czerwiec took her first nursing job, at Illinois Masonic Medical Center in Chicago, as part of the caregiving staff of HIV/AIDS Care Unit 371. Taking Turns pulls back the curtain on life in the ward. A shining example of excellence in the treatment and care of patients, Unit 371 was a community for thousands of patients and families affected by HIV and AIDS and the people who cared for them. This graphic novel combines Czerwiec’s memories with the oral histories of patients, family members, and staff. It depicts life and death in the ward, the ways the unit affected and informed those who passed through it, and how many look back on their time there today. Czerwiec joined Unit 371 at a pivotal time in the history of AIDS: deaths from the syndrome in the Midwest peaked in 1995 and then dropped drastically in the following years, with the release of antiretroviral protease inhibitors. This positive turn of events led to a decline in patient populations and, ultimately, to the closure of Unit 371. Czerwiec’s restrained, inviting drawing style and carefully considered narrative examine individual, institutional, and community responses to the AIDS epidemic—as well as the role that art can play in the grieving process. Deeply personal yet made up of many voices, this history of daily life in a unique AIDS care unit is an open, honest look at suffering, grief, and hope among a community of medical professionals and patients at the heart of the epidemic.Graphic medicine.AIDS (Disease)NursingComic books, strips, etcHIV infectionsNursingComic books, strips, etcChicagoAIDS (Disease)NursingHIV infectionsNursing616.97920231Czerwiec MK(MaryKay),1967-1541558MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910792859603321Taking turns3793825UNINAHealth Sciences