10881nam 2200541 450 991049002530332120231110232637.03-030-67910-1(CKB)4100000011979409(MiAaPQ)EBC6676011(Au-PeEL)EBL6676011(OCoLC)1259626886(PPN)258064692(EXLCZ)99410000001197940920220326d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrier150 years of the periodic table a commemorative symposium /Carmen J. Giunta, Vera V. Mainz, Gregory S. Girolami, editorsCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (453 pages)Perspectives on the history of chemistryIncludes index.3-030-67909-8 Intro -- Contents -- About the Editors -- 1 Editors' Introduction -- Abstract -- 1.1 International Year of the Periodic Table (IYPT2019) -- 1.2 150 Years of the Periodic Table: Symposium at American Chemical Society San Diego Meeting -- 1.3 150 Years of the Periodic Table: The Present Volume -- 1.3.1 Mendeleev and His Predecessors -- 1.3.2 Discoveries of Elements: Successes and Challenges -- 1.3.3 The Periodic Table from Other Perspectives -- 1.4 The End of the Beginning -- References -- Mendeleev and His Predecessors -- 2 Dmitri Mendeleev and the Periodic System: Philosophy, Periodicity, and Predictions -- Abstract -- 2.1 Introduction -- 2.2 Classification Before Mendeleev -- 2.2.1 Before 1860 -- 2.2.1.1 Gmelin -- 2.2.1.2 Gladstone -- 2.2.1.3 Cooke -- 2.2.2 The 1860s -- 2.2.2.1 Chancourtois -- 2.2.2.2 Hinrichs -- 2.2.2.3 Odling -- 2.2.2.4 Newlands -- 2.2.2.5 Meyer -- 2.3 Mendeleev's Periodic Law -- 2.3.1 Mendeleev's Writings on the Periodic Law -- 2.4 Philosophical Conception of the Chemical Element -- 2.5 Predictions and Adjustments -- 2.5.1 Leaving Gaps and Predicting Characteristics -- 2.5.1.1 Gallium -- 2.5.1.2 Scandium -- 2.5.1.3 Germanium -- 2.5.2 Changing Atomic Weights -- 2.6 The Importance of Periodicity -- 2.6.1 Spiral Forms -- 2.6.2 Tabular Forms -- 2.7 Conclusion -- References -- 3 The Trouble with Triads -- Abstract -- 3.1 Origins -- 3.2 The Modern Revival of Triads -- 3.3 Mendeleev and Triads -- 3.4 Other Applications -- References -- 4 Josiah Parsons Cooke, the Natural Philosophy of Sir John F. W. Herschel and the Rational Chemistry of the Elements -- Abstract -- 4.1 Introduction -- 4.2 The Natural Philosophy of Sir John F. W. Herschel -- 4.3 Josiah Parsons Cooke and the Relationships Between the Elements -- 4.4 Josiah Parsons Cooke and First Principles of Chemical Philosophy -- References.5 Vis Tellurique of Alexandre-Émile Béguyer de Chancourtois -- Abstract -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 The Vis Tellurique -- 5.3 Reaction to the Vis Tellurique -- 5.4 Later Attention and Priority Claims -- 5.5 Historical Treatments -- 5.6 Did Béguyer de Chancourtois Discover the Periodic Law? -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 6 Periodicity in Britain: The Periodic Tables of Odling and Newlands -- Abstract -- 6.1 Introduction -- 6.2 William Odling -- 6.2.1 Biographical Information -- 6.2.2 1857: "On the Natural Groupings of Elements" -- 6.2.3 Interlude -- 6.2.4 1864: "On the Proportional Numbers of the Elements" -- 6.2.5 1865: Watts's Dictionary -- 6.2.6 1865: A Course of Practical Chemistry, 2nd Edition -- 6.2.7 1871: A Question of Priority -- 6.2.8 The End -- 6.3 John A. R. Newlands -- 6.3.1 Biographical Information -- 6.3.2 Feb 7, 1863: "On Relations Among the Equivalents" -- 6.3.3 July 30, 1864: Studiosus and Newlands's Rebuttal -- 6.3.4 Aug 20, 1864: Response from Studiosus and New Observations by Newlands -- 6.3.5 August 1865: The Law of Octaves and More Relations Among the Equivalents -- 6.3.6 March 1866: The Law of Octaves and the Chemical Society -- 6.3.7 The Afterlife of the Law of Octaves -- 6.4 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 7 Gustavus Hinrichs and His Charts of the Elements -- Abstract -- 7.1 Introduction -- 7.2 Short Biography of Gustavus Detlef Hinrichs -- 7.3 Hinrichs and Atomic Weights, 1866 -- 7.4 Hinrichs and Atomechanics, 1867 -- 7.4.1 Historical Forward -- 7.4.2 Introduction ( 1-5) and Pantogen and the Elements ( 6-35) -- 7.4.3 Hinrichs's Chart of 1867 ( 36-56) -- 7.4.4 Chemical Characteristics ( 57-110) -- 7.4.5 Physical Characteristics ( 121-228), and Morphological Characteristics or Crystal Forms ( 229-399) -- 7.5 Hinrichs's Charts of 1869 -- 7.6 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements.Appendix: Transcription and Translation of Hinrichs's 1867 Monograph -- References -- 8 The Periodic Table of the Elements and Lothar Meyer -- Abstract -- 8.1 Introduction -- 8.2 Lothar Meyer-His Life -- 8.3 Lothar Meyer and the Order of the Elements -- 8.4 Conclusions -- References -- 9 Translation of 91-94 of Lothar Meyer's Modernen Theorien (1864) -- Abstract -- 9.1 Introduction: Biographical Information -- 9.2 Translation, Die Modernen Theorien, 1864: 91-94, pp 135-147 -- 9.3 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- Discoveries of Elements: Successes and Challenges -- 10 Discovery of Three Elements Predicted by Mendeleev's Table: Gallium, Scandium, and Germanium -- Abstract -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Discovery of the "Missing Three:" Eka-Aluminum, Eka-Boron, and Eka-Silicon -- 10.2.1 Mini-Biography of Gallium (Eka-Aluminum) -- 10.2.2 Mini-Biography of Scandium (Eka-Boron) -- 10.2.3 Mini-Biography of Germanium (Eka-Silicon, Es) -- 10.3 Discovery: By Speculation, by Detection, or by Isolation? -- 10.4 Conclusion -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 11 The Rare Earths, a Challenge to Mendeleev, No Less Today -- Abstract -- 11.1 Introduction -- 11.2 Discovery of the Lanthanides -- 11.2.1 Discoveries by Gadolin and Berzelius -- 11.2.2 Mosander and His Discoveries -- 11.2.3 Spectroscopy Makes a Difference -- 11.2.4 Ytterbium and Lutetium -- 11.2.5 Perspective -- 11.2.6 Positioning the Lanthanides -- 11.2.7 Element 61 -- 11.2.8 Separating Lanthanides -- 11.2.8.1 Fractional Crystallization -- 11.2.8.2 Redox Chemistry -- 11.3 Separations of Lanthanides -- 11.3.1 Separating the Lanthanides by Ion-Exchange -- 11.3.2 Separation by Solvent Extraction -- 11.4 Stability of Lanthanide Complexes -- 11.5 Obtaining Lanthanides from Their Ores -- 11.6 Oxidation States Other Than +3 -- 11.6.1 Introduction -- 11.6.2 The (+4) State.11.6.3 The (+2) State -- 11.7 Coordination Numbers in Lanthanide Complexes -- 11.7.1 High Coordination Numbers -- 11.7.2 Low Coordination Numbers -- 11.7.3 The Role of the Counter-Ion -- 11.7.4 Overall Factors -- 11.8 Trends in Lanthanide Radii and the "Lanthanide Contraction" -- 11.9 Which Are the Lanthanides? -- 11.10 Lanthanides in Biological Systems -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 12 The History (and Pre-history) of the Discovery and Chemistry of the Noble Gases -- Abstract -- 12.1 Introduction -- 12.2 The Pre-history of the Discovery -- 12.2.1 Cavendish's Residual Air -- 12.2.2 An Extraterrestrial Element? -- 12.3 The History of the Discovery -- 12.3.1 Rayleigh's Anomaly -- 12.3.2 The Discovery of Argon -- 12.3.3 The Discovery of the Others -- 12.3.4 But Wait, There's (One) More! -- 12.4 The Pre-history of the Chemistry -- 12.5 The History of the Chemistry -- 12.6 Appendix -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 13 Element Discovery and the Birth of the Atomic Age -- Abstract -- 13.1 The Via Panisperna Boys -- 13.2 The Element in the Attic -- 13.3 The Metallurgical Laboratory -- 13.4 Returning to Berkeley -- 13.5 The Children of the Bomb -- 13.6 Reflections on the Atomic Age -- References -- 14 Mary Elvira Weeks and Discovery of the Elements -- Abstract -- 14.1 Introduction -- 14.2 Mary Elvira Weeks's Family and Early Years -- 14.3 Mary Elvira Weeks's Education and Early Employment. 1910-1921 -- 14.4 University of Kansas. 1921-1944 -- 14.5 The Kresge-Hooker Scientific Library and Later Life. 1944-1975 -- 14.6 Discovery of the Elements -- 14.6.1 Reviews -- 14.7 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- Appendix 1: Publications of Mary Elvira Weeks -- Appendix 2: Quotes from Doris Brewster Swift-Life on Mississippi Street -- Appendix 3: Reviews of Discovery of the Elements -- References -- The Periodic Table from Other Perspectives.15 Astronomy Meets the Periodic Table, Or, How Much Is There of What, and Why? -- Abstract -- 15.1 Introduction -- 15.2 The Three New Elements -- 15.3 Dethroning Nebulium and Coronium -- 15.4 How Much Is There of What? -- 15.5 Why?-Nuclear Physics -- 15.6 Why?-Astrophysics (Noise) -- 15.7 Why?-Astrophysics (Signal) -- 15.8 Why?-Astrophysics: A Bit of the Evidence and Missing Pieces -- 15.9 Conclusions -- Acknowledgements -- References -- 16 The Impact of Twentieth-Century Physics on the Periodic Table and Some Remaining Questions in the Twenty-First Century -- Abstract -- 16.1 Early Twentieth Century Developments -- 16.2 Developments in the Second Half of the Twentieth Century -- 16.3 The Special Dynamical Symmetry of the Hydrogen Atom -- 16.4 The Laplace-Runge-Lenz or LRL Vector -- 16.5 An Alternative Philosophical Approach of Moving Beyond Particles and Individual Elements: Heisenberg and Isospin -- 16.6 Gell-Man and the Eight-Fold Way -- 16.7 Fet, Barut and Others on Super-Elements -- 16.8 Conclusion -- References -- 17 An Essay on Periodic Tables -- Abstract -- 17.1 Historical Introduction -- 17.2 Technical Details -- 17.2.1 Why Must Z Be ≤172? -- 17.2.2 Relativity Versus QED -- 17.2.3 Which Orbitals to Use in Chemistry? -- 17.2.4 "Secondary Periodicity" -- 17.2.5 The Inert-Pair Effect -- 17.2.6 "False Friends" -- 17.2.7 Nuclear Stability -- 17.3 In Defence of the Current PT: What Are the Choices? -- 17.3.1 The "Madelung Rule" -- 17.3.2 Models for Reproducing the PT -- 17.4 Did Our Department Contribute to the Story? -- References -- 18 The Periodic Table at 150: A Philatelic Celebration -- Abstract -- 18.1 Introduction -- 18.2 IYPT Stamps -- 18.2.1 Algeria and the IYPT Logo -- 18.2.2 Spanish Chemical Pride -- 18.2.3 Kyrgyzstan and Mendeleev -- 18.2.4 Moldova and Rubik's Cube -- 18.2.5 Mendeleev's Final Draft of the PT.18.2.6 The 7th Period Is Complete.Perspectives on the History of Chemistry One hundred fifty years of the periodic tablePeriodic table of the elementsHistoryPeriodic table of the elementsHistory.546.8Giunta Carmen J.Mainz Vera V.Girolami Gregory S.1956-MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910490025303321150 Years of the Periodic Table2215792UNINA