10940nam 2200517 450 991048869420332120230412134034.03-030-73951-1(CKB)4100000011979287(MiAaPQ)EBC6676430(Au-PeEL)EBL6676430(OCoLC)1259624064(PPN)269145885(EXLCZ)99410000001197928720220327d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierInnovations in modern endocrine surgery /Michael C. Singer, David J. TerrisCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (292 pages)3-030-73950-3 Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Contributors -- Part I: Diagnosis and Preoperative Work-up of Thyroid Disease -- Chapter 1: Ultrasound for Thyroid Nodule Risk Stratification -- Introduction -- Ultrasound Setting and Image Acquisition -- Gray-scale Ultrasound Characteristics of Thyroid Nodules -- Doppler Flow in Thyroid Nodule Evaluation -- Elastography -- Risk Stratification System -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 2: Molecular Assessment of Thyroid Nodules -- Introduction -- Cytological Nomenclature of Thyroid Nodules -- Current Trends in the Management of Indeterminate Nodules and Guideline Recommendations -- Machinery of Genomics to Phenotype: DNA, mRNA, ncRNA, and Protein -- Genomics of Thyroid Cancer -- Papillary Thyroid Cancer -- Follicular Adenoma and Follicular Thyroid Cancer -- Hürthle Cell Cancer -- Medullary Thyroid Cancer -- Genomics in Cytologically Indeterminate Results -- Commercially Available Thyroid Nodule Molecular Tests -- Afirma® Gene Expression Classifier and Afirma Gene Sequencing Classifier -- ThyroSeq -- ThyGeNEXT+ThyraMIR -- How to Use Molecular Testing Results to Guide Surgery -- Molecular Diagnostics Beyond Bethesda III/IV Nodules -- Future Directions -- Guiding Initial Management and Subsequent Follow-Up Strategies in Malignant Cases -- Prognostics of Benign Nodules -- Summary -- References -- Chapter 3: Active Surveillance for Thyroid Cancer -- Introduction -- Incidence of Thyroid Cancer -- Cost of Thyroid Cancer Care -- Complications of Thyroid Surgery -- Reducing Thyroid Cancer Diagnosis -- Active Surveillance -- Clinical Data -- Adoption/Implementation of Active Surveillance -- Cost-Effectiveness -- Future Directions -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 4: Hemithyroidectomy for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer -- Historical Context and Overview -- Oncologic Outcomes Following Hemithyroidectomy.Clinical Framework to Guide Decision-Making Processes Regarding the Extent of Initial Surgery for Differentiated Thyroid Cancer -- Step 1: Preoperative Evaluation -- Step 2: Intra-operative Evaluation -- Step 3: Postoperative Evaluation -- Follow-Up Recommendations Following Hemithyroidectomy -- Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Neoadjuvant Therapy for Anaplastic Thyroid Carcinoma -- Introduction -- Clinical Presentation, Histopathology, and Staging of Advanced ATC -- Molecular Pathogenesis -- Neoadjuvant Therapy -- External Beam Radiation -- Cytotoxic Chemotherapy -- BRAF-Directed Therapy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 6: Nonoperative Thyroid Ablation Techniques for Benign Thyroid Nodules -- Introduction -- HIFU Ablation -- Nodule Selection -- Before Ablation -- Evidence Supporting the Role of HIFU -- Clinical Application -- Efficacy of HIFU Ablation -- Safety of HIFU Ablation -- Radiofrequency Ablation (RFA) -- Nodule Selection -- Preoperative Evaluation and Preparation -- RFA -- Moving Shot Technique -- Efficacy of RFA Ablation -- Safety of RFA -- Discussion -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Diagnosis and Preoperative Work-up of Parathyroid Disease -- Chapter 7: Localization Studies for Hyperparathyroidism -- Introduction -- Historical Perspectives on Parathyroid Localization -- The Role of Imaging in Parathyroid Surgery -- Anatomical Imaging Modalities -- Ultrasonography -- Description of Technology and Technique -- Four-Dimensional Computed Tomography -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Functional Imaging Modalities -- Nuclear Scintigraphy -- SPECT/SPECT-CT -- PET/CT -- Invasive Techniques -- Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy -- Selective Venous Sampling and Selective Arteriography -- Choice of Imaging Modalities -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 8: Subtle Variants of Hyperparathyroidism: Normohormonal Hyperparathyroidism.Introduction -- Incidence and Etiology -- Presentation -- Biochemical Profile and Interpretation -- Localization Studies -- Intraoperative Findings and Decision-Making -- Long-Term Success and Outcomes -- Conclusions and Future Investigation -- References -- Chapter 9: Subtle Variants of Hyperparathyroidism: Normocalcemic Hyperparathyroidism -- Introduction -- Pathophysiology -- Diagnostic Criteria -- Epidemiology -- Clinical Features and Course of Disease -- Nonspecific Symptoms -- Natural History of NCHPT -- Management of NCHPT -- Surgical Management of NCHPT -- Outcomes After Parathyroidectomy -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 10: Indications for Parathyroidectomy -- Parathyroid-Related Hypercalcemia -- Effects of PTH-Mediated Hypercalcemia -- When to Intervene -- Indications for Surgery -- References -- Part III: Surgical Adjuncts -- Chapter 11: Intermittent Neuromonitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- Introduction -- Background -- Challenges in IONM Adoption -- IONM Application in Present-Day Clinical Practice -- Application of Intraoperative Nerve Monitoring -- Negative Predictive Value (NPV) -- Positive Predictive Value (PPV) -- Technique -- Equipment -- Anesthesia Considerations -- IONM Data Gathering -- Electromyography (EMG) Waveform: Amplitude, Latency, and Threshold -- Loss of Signal -- Establishing an Adequate Baseline -- Evaluation of Equipment Malfunction -- True Loss of Signal -- Troubleshooting a LOS -- False Negative vs. False Positive Results -- Management Strategies -- Staged Surgery -- Recent Advances in IONM and Future Directions -- Continuous Vagal Monitoring -- Superior Laryngeal Nerve (SLN) Monitoring -- Intraoperative Identification of Nonrecurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 12: Continuous Neuromonitoring of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve -- Introduction -- Rationale for Use of c-IONM.Standardized Approach to c-IONM -- Interpretation of c-IONM EMG Data -- Impending Neural Injury -- Artifact -- Signal Recovery -- False Positive and False Negative Events -- Staged Thyroidectomy with c-IONM -- Safety of c-IONM -- c-IONM vs. i-IONM -- Future Perspectives -- References -- Chapter 13: Neuromonitoring of the Superior Laryngeal Nerve -- Introduction -- Injury to the EBSLN and Its Consequences -- Fundamentals of EBSLN Preservation: How It Was Done Prior to IONM -- IONM and EBSLN Preservation -- Benefits of IONM -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 14: Advanced Energy Devices -- Introduction -- Bipolar Vessel Sealing Systems -- Other Vessel Sealing Systems -- Ultrasonic Devices -- Challenges, Obstacles, and Misconceptions of Advanced Energy Devices -- Energy Devices in Remote Access Thyroid Surgery -- Future Directions: Radiofrequency Ablation -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 15: Parathyroid Gland Fluorescence Imaging -- The Need for Parathyroid Gland Identification and Assessment of Viability -- Parathyroid Gland Identification and Detection -- ICG -- Autofluorescence Imaging -- The Future of Fluorescence Imaging -- References -- Chapter 16: Intraoperative PTH Monitoring -- Historical Perspective -- Technical Considerations -- Assay Characteristics -- Source of Blood Samples -- Modern Application -- Previously Proposed Algorithms for Intraoperative Application of the PTH Assay -- Modern ioPTH Interpretation -- Interpretation of ioPTH in Renal Patients -- Novel Uses -- Tissue Aspirates: Preoperative and Intraoperative -- Bilateral IJ Sampling -- Final Considerations and Future Possibilities -- Changing Phenotype -- Faster Alternatives to the Rapid ioPTH -- References -- Part IV: Surgical Techniques -- Chapter 17: Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) and Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT).Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Parathyroidectomy (MIVAP) -- Introduction -- The Technique -- Indications for MIVAP -- Advantages and Key Points of the Technique -- Limits and Drawbacks -- Minimally Invasive Video-Assisted Thyroidectomy (MIVAT) -- The Technique -- Indications -- Advantages of MIVAT -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 18: Robotic Transaxillary Thyroidectomy -- Introduction -- Patient Selection, Indications, and Contraindications -- Surgical Technique -- Postoperative Care and Complications -- Advantages and Disadvantages -- Future Directions -- References -- Chapter 19: Transoral Thyroidectomy -- Introduction -- Remote-Access Thyroid Surgery -- Overview -- Limitations of the Previously Described Remote-Access Thyroid Surgery -- Development of Transoral Thyroid Surgery -- The Value of Avoiding a Cervical Incision -- The Role of Robotic Surgical Systems in Transoral Thyroid Surgery -- Surgical Technique -- Limitations of TOETVA -- Future Directions -- References -- Part V: Postoperative Management -- Chapter 20: Ambulatory Endocrine Surgery -- Introduction -- Potential Benefits of Ambulatory Endocrine Surgery -- Ambulatory Thyroid Surgery -- Challenges and Risks of Ambulatory Thyroid Surgery -- Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Injury and Risk of Aspiration -- Post-Thyroidectomy Neck Hematoma and Risk of Asphyxiation -- Hypoparathyroidism and Risk of Severe Hypocalcemia and Tetany -- Postoperative Pain, Nausea, and Vomiting -- Ambulatory Parathyroid Surgery -- Conclusion -- References -- Chapter 21: Postoperative Calcium Management -- Introduction -- Patient and Disease Predisposing Risk Factors -- Signs and Symptoms of Hypocalcemia -- Monitoring of Postoperative PTH and Calcium Levels -- Prognostication of Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism/Hypocalcemia -- Management of Postoperative Hypoparathyroidism/Hypocalcemia -- Hungry Bone Syndrome.Conclusion.Endocrine glandsSurgeryCirurgia endocrinathubLlibres electrònicsthubEndocrine glandsSurgery.Cirurgia endocrina617.44Singer Michael C.61866Terris David J.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910488694203321Innovations in modern endocrine surgery2816752UNINA04004nam 22006135 450 991048447950332120230323071838.0981-13-9845-310.1007/978-981-13-9845-2(CKB)4100000009158839(MiAaPQ)EBC5844353(DE-He213)978-981-13-9845-2(PPN)243764758(EXLCZ)99410000000915883920190730d2020 u| 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierDesign of Trajectory Optimization Approach for Space Maneuver Vehicle Skip Entry Problems /by Runqi Chai, Al Savvaris, Antonios Tsourdos, Senchun Chai1st ed. 2020.Singapore :Springer Nature Singapore :Imprint: Springer,2020.1 online resource (216 pages) illustrations. (some color)Springer Aerospace Technology,1869-1749981-13-9844-5 Introduction -- Overview of Trajectory Optimization Techniques -- Modelling of the Trajectory Optimization Problems -- Performance Analysis of Different Optimization Strategies -- Hybrid Optimization Methods with Enhanced Convergence Ability -- Multi-Objective Trajectory Optimization Problem -- Real-Time Optimal Guidance Strategies for Space Maneuver Vehicles -- Stochastic Trajectory Optimization Problems with Chance Constraints -- Appendix -- References -- Index.This book explores the design of optimal trajectories for space maneuver vehicles (SMVs) using optimal control-based techniques. It begins with a comprehensive introduction to and overview of three main approaches to trajectory optimization, and subsequently focuses on the design of a novel hybrid optimization strategy that combines an initial guess generator with an improved gradient-based inner optimizer. Further, it highlights the development of multi-objective spacecraft trajectory optimization problems, with a particular focus on multi-objective transcription methods and multi-objective evolutionary algorithms. In its final sections, the book studies spacecraft flight scenarios with noise-perturbed dynamics and probabilistic constraints, and designs and validates new chance-constrained optimal control frameworks. The comprehensive and systematic treatment of practical issues in spacecraft trajectory optimization is one of the book’s major features, making it particularly suited for readers who are seeking practical solutions in spacecraft trajectory optimization. It offers a valuable asset for researchers, engineers, and graduate students in GNC systems, engineering optimization, applied optimal control theory, etc.Springer Aerospace Technology,1869-1749Automatic controlAerospace engineeringAstronauticsMathematical optimizationCalculus of variationsControl and Systems TheoryAerospace Technology and AstronauticsCalculus of Variations and OptimizationAutomatic control.Aerospace engineering.Astronautics.Mathematical optimization.Calculus of variations.Control and Systems Theory.Aerospace Technology and Astronautics.Calculus of Variations and Optimization.629.41Chai Runqiauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut1225048Savvaris Alauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autTsourdos Antoniosauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autChai Senchunauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autBOOK9910484479503321Design of Trajectory Optimization Approach for Space Maneuver Vehicle Skip Entry Problems2844462UNINA