01162nam0-22003131i-450-99000250408040332120071024145634.0000250408FED01000250408(Aleph)000250408FED0100025040820030910d1954----km-y0itay50------baengUSComparative population and urben research via multiple regression and covariance analysisa methodological experiment, with an illustrative application to the study of fartors in the growth and suburbanization of metropolitan populationDonald J. Bogue, Dorothy HarrisChicagoPopulation Research and Training Center1954VII, 75 p.28 cmStudies in population distribution8DemografiaModelli demograficiBogue,Donald J.Harris,DorothyITUNINARICAUNIMARCBK990002504080403321XXIII-F-1806MASMASComparative population and urben research via multiple regression and covariance analysis439998UNINA07438nam 2200469 450 991048413430332120231110230524.0981-16-0411-8(CKB)4100000011912237(MiAaPQ)EBC6578020(Au-PeEL)EBL6578020(OCoLC)1249471557(PPN)255293143(EXLCZ)99410000001191223720211211d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierTheory and practice of GNSS reflectometry /Kegen YuGateway East, Singapore :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (376 pages)Navigation: Science and Technology ;v.9981-16-0410-X Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- 1 Introduction -- 1.1 Brief History of GNSS Reflectometry -- 1.2 Challenges and Future Directions -- 1.3 Overview of the Book -- References -- 2 Navigation Satellite Constellations and Navigation Signals -- 2.1 Navigation Satellite Systems -- 2.1.1 Global Positioning System -- 2.1.2 Glonass -- 2.1.3 BeiDou Navigation Satellite System -- 2.1.4 Galileo Navigation Satellite System -- 2.1.5 QZSS and IRNSS -- 2.1.6 Satellite Visibility -- 2.2 PRN Codes and Multiple Access -- 2.2.1 m-Sequence -- 2.2.2 Gold Codes -- 2.2.3 Multiple Access -- 2.3 Carrier Modulation -- 2.3.1 BPSK Modulation -- 2.3.2 QPSK Modulation -- 2.3.3 Variants of QPSK Modulation -- 2.3.4 Binary-Offset-Carrier Modulation -- 2.4 Composition of Navigation Signals -- 2.5 Transmission of GNSS Signals -- References -- 3 Signal Scattering and Reception Schemes -- 3.1 First Fresnel Zone -- 3.1.1 Semi-major and Semi-minor Axes -- 3.1.2 Simplified Elliptical Equation and Resultant Error -- 3.2 Signal Power Based Estimation of Object Width in Forest -- 3.3 GNSS-R Receiver -- 3.3.1 Brief Description of Hardware Receiver -- 3.3.2 Signal Processor -- 3.4 Receiver Platforms -- 3.4.1 Ground-Based Platform -- 3.4.2 Airborne Platform -- 3.4.3 Spaceborne Platform -- 3.5 Summary -- References -- 4 Theoretical Fundamentals of GNSS Reflectometry -- 4.1 Interferometric Signal Reception -- 4.1.1 Signal Modeling -- 4.1.2 Amplitude Attenuation Factor of Reflected Signal -- 4.1.3 Signal-To-Noise Ratio -- 4.1.4 Composite Excess Phase -- 4.1.5 Multipath-Induced Pseudorange Measurement Error -- 4.2 Delay-Doppler Map and Delay Map -- 4.2.1 Surface Scattering -- 4.2.2 Received Signal Power -- 4.3 Wavelet Denoising -- 4.3.1 Wavelet Transform Theory -- 4.3.2 DWT Realization -- 4.3.3 Denoising Procedure -- 4.4 Spectral Analysis of Unevenly Sampled Data -- 4.4.1 Unevenly Sampled Data.4.4.2 Lomb-Scargle Periodogram -- 4.5 Summary -- References -- 5 Sea Surface Altimetry -- 5.1 Estimating Relative Delay of Reflected Signal -- 5.1.1 Relative Delay -- 5.1.2 Multipath Interference -- 5.1.3 Power Ratio Based Relative Delay Estimation -- 5.2 A Two-Loop Approach for Estimation of Sea Surface Height -- 5.2.1 Geometrical Relationship -- 5.2.2 Algorithm Flowchart -- 5.2.3 Calculating Total Path Length -- 5.2.4 Updating Sea Surface Height Estimate -- 5.2.5 Determining Power Ratio -- 5.2.6 Algorithm Complexity Reduction -- 5.2.7 Calibration -- 5.3 An Airborne Experiment and Results -- 5.3.1 Experiment Setup -- 5.3.2 Lidar-Based Mean Sea Level and Wave Statistics Measurement -- 5.3.3 Data Processing and Delay Waveform Generation -- 5.3.4 Peak Power Based Relative Delay Measurements and Error Statistics -- 5.3.5 Statistics of Ideal Power Ratio -- 5.3.6 Joint Power-Ratio and SSH Estimation -- 5.4 Spaceborne Altimetry -- 5.5 Summary -- References -- 6 Sea Surface Wind Speed Estimation -- 6.1 Modeling of Sea Wave Spectrum and Received Signal Power -- 6.1.1 Elfouhaily Model -- 6.1.2 Theoretical Waveform of Received Signal Power -- 6.2 Near Sea Surface Wind Speed Retrieval -- 6.3 An Airborne Experiment and Results -- 6.3.1 Experiment Campaign -- 6.3.2 Data Processing -- 6.3.3 Wind Speed Estimation Results -- 6.4 Spaceborne Wind Speed Estimation -- 6.4.1 DDM Data Preprocessing -- 6.4.2 Empirical Modeling -- 6.4.3 Model Validation -- 6.5 Summary -- References -- 7 Sea Ice Detection -- 7.1 DDM Data Processing -- 7.2 DDM Observables -- 7.3 Sea Ice and Seawater Detection -- 7.3.1 Performance Index -- 7.3.2 Detection Performance -- 7.4 Sec Ice Concentration Estimation -- 7.4.1 Estimation Method -- 7.4.2 Estimation Performance -- 7.5 Summary -- References -- 8 Snow Depth and Snow Water Equivalent Estimation -- 8.1 SNR-Based Snow Depth Estimation.8.1.1 Basic Method -- 8.1.2 Data Fusion Based Improvement -- 8.2 Daul-Frequency Carrier Phase Combination Based Method -- 8.3 Triple-Frequency Carrier Phase Combination Based Method -- 8.3.1 Triple-Frequency Carrier Phase Combination -- 8.3.2 Property of Triple-Frequency Phase Combination -- 8.3.3 An Example of Triple-Frequency Phase Combination -- 8.3.4 Theoretical Modeling -- 8.3.5 A Practical Example -- 8.4 Carrier Phase and Pseudorange Combination Based Snow Depth Estimation -- 8.4.1 Single-Frequency Combination Based Method -- 8.4.2 Dual-Frequency Combination Based Method -- 8.5 Dual Receiver System Based Snow Depth Estimation -- 8.5.1 Combination Methods -- 8.5.2 Spectral Peak Frequency Analysis -- 8.5.3 Theoretical Model -- 8.5.4 Experimental Results -- 8.6 Snow Water Equivalent Estimation -- 8.6.1 Data Preprocessing -- 8.6.2 Empirical Model -- 8.6.3 Algorithm of SNR-Based SWE Estimation -- 8.6.4 Model Verification -- 8.7 Summary -- References -- 9 Soil Moisture Measurement -- 9.1 A Classic Soil Moisture Estimation Method -- 9.2 Signal Power Based Soil Moisture Estimation -- 9.3 SNR Based Method -- 9.3.1 Fundamental Theory -- 9.3.2 Definition of a Statistic -- 9.3.3 Definition of Observation Variable -- 9.3.4 Development and Verification of Empirical Models -- 9.4 GEO Satellite Based Method -- 9.4.1 GEO-IR Based Soil Moisture Estimation -- 9.4.2 GEO-R Based Soil Moisture Estimation -- 9.5 An Airborne Experiment for Soil Moisture Measurement -- 9.5.1 Selection of Experimental Site -- 9.5.2 Design of Flight Trajectory and Actual Ground Tracks -- 9.6 Summary -- References -- 10 Tsunami Detection and Parameter Estimation -- 10.1 Tsunami Modeling -- 10.1.1 Examples of Tsunami Waveforms -- 10.1.2 A Single Triangle Based Modeling -- 10.1.3 Two Triangles Based Modeling -- 10.2 Average Bin Based Tsunami Detection.10.2.1 Noise Corrupted SSH Measurement -- 10.2.2 Method Description -- 10.2.3 Hypothesis Testing -- 10.2.4 Signal-To-Noise Ratio and Bin Size -- 10.2.5 Simulation Results -- 10.3 Tsunami Reconstruction -- 10.3.1 Wavelet Based Noise Reduction for Tsunami Reconstruction -- 10.3.2 Simulation Results -- 10.3.3 Cramer-Rao Lower Bound -- 10.4 Tsunami Parameter Estimation -- 10.4.1 Tsunami Propagation Direction and Speed Estimation -- 10.4.2 Tsunami Wavelength Estimation -- 10.5 Summary -- References.Navigation: Science and Technology Global Positioning SystemGlobal Positioning System.910.285Yu Kegen845916MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910484134303321Theory and practice of GNSS reflectometry2556486UNINA