04537nam 2200433 450 991048342220332120211019134730.03-030-67746-X(CKB)4100000011867251(MiAaPQ)EBC6533462(Au-PeEL)EBL6533462(OCoLC)1245669315(PPN)255295235(EXLCZ)99410000001186725120211019d2021 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierMarine nitrogen fixation /Jonathan P. Zehr, Douglas G. CaponeCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2021]©20211 online resource (191 pages)3-030-67745-1 Intro -- Foreword -- References -- Preface -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- Chapter 1: Nitrogen Fixation in the Marine Environment -- 1.1 The Nitrogen Cycle -- 1.2 Terrestrial and Aquatic Environments -- References -- Chapter 2: Fundamentals of N2 Fixation -- 2.1 Microbiology -- 2.2 Nitrogen Fixation Reaction and Nitrogenases -- 2.3 The Biological Nitrogen Fixation Reaction -- 2.4 Non-structural nif Genes and Protein Assembly -- 2.5 Cellular Regulation of Nitrogenase -- 2.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 3: History of Research on Marine N2 Fixation -- 3.1 History of Studies of Marine N2 Fixation -- 3.2 Process Oriented Studies: Water Column -- 3.3 Benthic Marine Environments -- 3.4 Concluding Remarks -- References -- Chapter 4: Microorganisms and Habitats -- 4.1 The Surface Ocean (Pelagic) -- Cyanobacteria -- Heterotrophic N2 Fixers -- 4.2 Oxygen Deficient Zones (ODZs) -- 4.3 Mesopelagic and Deep Ocean -- 4.4 The Benthos -- Microbial Mats -- Shallow Sediments -- Corals and Coral Reefs -- Marine Plant Communities -- Deep Sea Benthos -- 4.5 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 5: Measurements of Organism Abundances and Activities -- 5.1 Introduction -- 5.2 Cultivation -- 5.3 The Acetylene Reduction Method -- 5.4 Isotopic Tracers: 15N -- 5.5 Hydrogen -- 5.6 Functional Gene Analysis -- 5.7 Stable Isotope Probing -- 5.8 Biogeochemical Proxies -- 5.9 Remote Sensing -- 5.10 Experimental and Observational Formats and Scales -- 5.11 Mathematical Models -- 5.12 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 6: Factors Controlling N2 Fixation -- 6.1 Oxygen -- 6.2 Light -- 6.3 Temperature -- 6.4 Nutrients -- 6.5 Dissolved Organic Matter -- 6.6 Salinity -- 6.7 pH -- 6.8 Turbulence -- 6.9 Fate of Diazotrophs -- 6.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 7: Biogeography of N2 Fixation in the Surface Ocean.7.1 Factors Controlling the Distribution of N2 Fixation Biogeography -- 7.2 Nutrient Limitation Geography -- 7.3 N2 Fixation Variables -- 7.4 Oligotrophic Oceans -- 7.5 Coastal and Upwelling Regions -- 7.6 Seasonality -- 7.7 Low O2 Waters -- 7.8 Estuaries and Inland Seas -- 7.9 High Latitudes Including the Arctic -- 7.10 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 8: N2 Fixation in Ocean Basins -- 8.1 Nutrient Relationships, Ratios and N Cycle Feedbacks -- Stable Isotope Inferences -- The N* Parameter and N2 Fixation -- 8.2 Basin and Global Scale Inputs -- Pelagic Studies -- Heterotrophic N2 Fixation Inputs -- Benthic Studies -- 8.3 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 9: Marine N2 Fixation, Global Change and the Future -- 9.1 Effects of Environmental Changes on Species -- 9.2 Large-Scale Shifts in N2 Fixation in the Global Ocean -- 9.3 Ocean Fertilization and Marine N2 Fixation -- 9.4 Marine Aquaculture, Biotechnology and N2 Fixation -- 9.5 Overcoming Challenges for Future N2 Fixation Research -- 9.6 Conclusions -- References -- Chapter 10: Summary and Conclusions -- 10.1 Introduction -- 10.2 Fundamentals -- 10.3 History -- 10.4 Microorganisms -- 10.5 Measurements -- 10.6 Factors -- 10.7 Biogeography -- 10.8 N2 Fixation in Ocean Basins -- 10.9 Marine N2 Fixation, Global Change and the Future -- 10.10 Over-Arching Questions, Controversies and Future Directions -- Microbiological -- Physiological -- Ecological/Biogeochemical -- Methodological/Technological -- 10.11 Closing Comments -- Index.NitrogenFixationNitrogenFixation.589.704133Zehr Jonathan P.1082517Capone Douglas G.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910483422203321Marine nitrogen fixation2846935UNINA