01908nam 2200481 450 991015785390332120210112023321.00-19-175594-X(CKB)2560000000358863(StDuBDS)EDZ0001131822(MiAaPQ)EBC4841919(EXLCZ)99256000000035886320140805d2015 fy| 0engur|||||||||||rdacontentrdacontentrdamediardacarrierThe Arab Spring pathways of repression and reform /Jason Brownlee, Tarek Masoud, and Andrew Reynolds[electronic resource]First edition.Oxford :Oxford University Press,2015.1 online resource illustrations (black and white)0-19-966006-9 Includes bibliographical references and index.This study is premised on the notion that subnational undemocratic regimes (SURs) within countries not only differ among each other but that they maintain different relations with the federal government, which is why they are reproduced differently. The book argues that alternative pathways of SUR continuity result first and foremost from the capacity (or lack thereof) of democratic presidents to wield power over SURs and autocrats.Arab Spring, 2010-DemocracyMiddle EastDemocratizationMiddle EastMiddle EastPolitics and governmentArab Spring, 2010-DemocracyDemocratization321.809174927Brownlee Jason1974-1110266Masoud Tarek E.Reynolds Andrew1967-StDuBDSStDuBDSBOOK9910157853903321The Arab Spring2836500UNINA00945nam 2200253la 450 991048218800332120221108072941.0(UK-CbPIL)2090326749(CKB)5500000000089292(EXLCZ)99550000000008929220210618d1656 uy |duturcn||||a|bb|Observantien vande kayserlyke practyke. By Andr. Gail. Translated from the Latin by A. van Nispen[electronic resource]Amsterdam Louis & Daniel Elzevir1656Online resource (4°)Reproduction of original in Koninklijke Bibliotheek, Nationale bibliotheek van Nederland.Gail Andreas von1526-1587.929876Uk-CbPILUk-CbPILBOOK9910482188003321Observantien vande kayserlyke practyke. By Andr. Gail. Translated from the Latin by A. van Nispen2090831UNINA04577nam 22005895 450 991030019680332120200706221530.03-319-08903-X10.1007/978-3-319-08903-4(CKB)3710000000261934(EBL)1965313(OCoLC)893117122(SSID)ssj0001372717(PQKBManifestationID)11881982(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001372717(PQKBWorkID)11310641(PQKB)10899549(DE-He213)978-3-319-08903-4(MiAaPQ)EBC1965313(PPN)182093379(EXLCZ)99371000000026193420141009d2015 u| 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrThe New Drug Reimbursement Game A Regulator’s Guide to Playing and Winning /by Brita A.K. Pekarsky1st ed. 2015.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Adis,2015.1 online resource (256 p.)Description based upon print version of record.3-319-08902-1 Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.Introduction -- Reframing the political economy of new drugs -- The social rate of return on investment in pharmaceutical R&D -- The value of innovation -- The shadow price -- The health shadow price -- The health shadow price and the economic context -- The `pharmaceutical R&D financing' game -- The `pharmacotherapy needs a premium' game -- Conclusion.This comprehensive text presents a rigorous framework from within which regulators can respond strategically to the claim by the pharmaceutical industry that lower drug prices today lead to a loss for the population’s future health due to less innovation. It starts with a critical review of the empirical evidence of the return to consumers on their ongoing investment into high drug prices in order to increase future innovation. The implicit, critical and unrealistic assumption inherent in these studies is identified, namely that the health budget can be expanded to purchase drugs at higher prices without an opportunity cost, for example, the foregone benefits of alternative investments in health care infrastructure. Price effectiveness analysis (PEA), is introduced. PEA informs the question of how the innovative surplus from the new drug should be allocated between the manufacturer and the consumer so as to optimise society’s welfare. The method allows the decisions by the regulator and the firm to be analysed jointly by specifying the firm’s production and revenue functions in terms of the clinical innovation of a new drug; the incremental effect used in the summary metric of cost effectiveness analysis. An economic value of innovation that takes into account opportunity cost under conditions of economic efficiency in the health system is proposed: the health shadow price. The limitations of the non-strategic methods that currently inform the highly contested new drug subsidy game are presented and the relative strengths of PEA are demonstrated. Health technology assessment quantifies both the clinical innovation of a new drug and its financial impact on the health system. Cost effectiveness analysis tests the relationship between the incremental cost and incremental effect of a new drug for target patients, at a given price. PEA tests the relationship between the price of a new drug and the health of the whole population, now and into the future. It achieves this by taking into account current inefficiency in both resource allocation and the displacement process, and the relationship between price and future innovation.Pharmacy managementPharmaceutical technologyPharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomeshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/H69020Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/B21010Pharmacy management.Pharmaceutical technology.Pharmacoeconomics and Health Outcomes.Pharmaceutical Sciences/Technology.610615.1615.19Pekarsky Brita A.Kauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut803698BOOK9910300196803321The New Drug Reimbursement Game2499524UNINA