05377nam 2200649 450 991046483010332120200520144314.00-8213-9526-2(CKB)3710000000140761(EBL)1732179(SSID)ssj0001305517(PQKBManifestationID)11799414(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001305517(PQKBWorkID)11257476(PQKB)11474684(MiAaPQ)EBC1732179(Au-PeEL)EBL1732179(CaPaEBR)ebr10886441(CaONFJC)MIL626977(OCoLC)883571368(EXLCZ)99371000000014076120140630h20142014 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBiochar systems for smallholders in developing countries leveraging current knowledge and exploring future potential for climate-smart agriculture /Sebastian M. Scholz [and five others]Washington, District of Columbia :The World Bank,2014.©20141 online resource (231 p.)World Bank StudyDescription based upon print version of record.1-306-95726-5 0-8213-9525-4 Front Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; About the Authors; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Introduction; Background on Biochar; Overall Opportunities and Risks of Biochar Systems; Figures; Figure ES.1 Biochar as a System-Defined Concept; Survey and Typology of Biochar Systems; Life-Cycle Assessment of Existing Biochar Systems; Boxes; Box ES.1 Summary of Kenya Case Study; Box ES.2 Summary of Vietnam Case Study; Box ES.3 Summary of Senegal Case Study; Aspects of Technology Adoption; Potential Future Involvement of Development Institutions, Including the World Bank; Chapter 1IntroductionPotential of BiocharIncreases in Research into Biochar; Content and Purpose of Study; Figure 1.1 Acceleration of Published Research on Biochar and Charcoal; Methodology; Chapter 2Background on Biochar; Characteristics and Historical Basis of Biochar; Figure 2.1 Terra Preta Soil Pit near Manaus, Brazil, Showing Thick, Dark, Carbon-Enriched Top Layer; Biochar Systems; Figure 2.2 Biochar as a System-Defined Concept; Tables; Table 2.1 Typical Product Yields (Dry Basis) for Different Types of Thermochemical Conversion Processes That Generate Carbonaceous Residues; NoteChapter 3Opportunities and Risks of Biochar SystemsIntroduction; Impacts on Soil Health and Agricultural Productivity; Figure 3.1 Percentage Change in Crop Productivity upon Application of Biochar under Different Scenarios; Table 3.1 Possible Biochar Effects on Nitrogen Cycling; Impacts on Climate Change; Table 3.2 Direct and Indirect Sources of Biochar Emission Reductions; Figure 3.2 General Concept of the Carbon Storage Potential of Biochar Based on 1 Tonne (t) of Dry Feedstock (Slow Pyrolysis); Figure 3.3 Impact of Biochar on Climate Change MitigationFigure 3.4 Alternative Scenarios for Biomass Carbon DynamicsSocial Impacts; Competing Uses of Biomass; Table 3.3 Potential Biomass Use and Limitations; Notes; Chapter 4Survey and Typology of Biochar Systems; Survey; Classification of Biochar Systems; Figure 4.1 Distribution of Project Locations; Figure 4.2 Biochar Production Technologies; Figure 4.3 Utilization of Biochar Production Energy; Figure 4.4 Word Cloud Showing Biochar Feedstocks Most Frequently Cited by Survey Respondents; Figure 4.5 Scale of Biochar Production SystemsFigure 4.6 Typology of Biochar Systems by Type of Energy Recovery and Scale Showing Number of Projects with Each Type of Feedstock (n = 154)Figure 4.7 Summary of Dominant Biochar Typologies; Table 4.1 Biochar System Typology; Chapter 5Life-Cycle Assessment of Existing Biochar Systems; Life-Cycle Assessment: Definition and Methodology; Box 5.1 Elements of a Life-Cycle Assessment; Case Studies; Kenya Case Study Life-Cycle Assessment; Figure 5.1 Schematic Flow Diagram for Biochar Production in a Pyrolysis Cookstove System; Figure 5.2 Pyrolysis Cookstove in Kenya Case StudyTable 5.1 Primary and Secondary Feedstock Characteristics and Availability for Baseline ScenarioBiochar is the carbon-rich organic matter that remains after heating biomass under minimization of oxygen during a process called pyrolysis. Its relevance to deforestation, agricultural resilience, and energy production, particularly in developing countries, makes it an important issue. This report offers a review of what is known about opportunities and risks of biochar systems. Its aim is to provide a state of the art overview of current knowledge regarding biochar science. In that sense the report also offers a reconciling view on different scientific opinions about biochar providing an oveWorld Bank StudiesBiocharBiomass energyElectronic books.Biochar.Biomass energy.333.9539Scholz Sebastian M.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910464830103321Biochar systems for smallholders in developing countries2040891UNINA01310nam 2200337 n 450 99639649000331620221108060516.0(CKB)4330000000338144(EEBO)2240901832(UnM)9958712800971(EXLCZ)99433000000033814419990113d1674 uy 0engurbn||||a|bb|An excellent table for the finding the periferies or circumferences of all elleipses [sic] or ovals[electronic resource] so near the truth as any mechanical practice can require, /calculated with great diligence and care by Sir Jonas Moore, and not done before[London By W.G. for N. Brooke1674]1 sheet ([1] p.) tableImprint suggested by Wing.Reproduction of original in the British Library.eebo-0018EllipseEarly works to 1800MathematicsTablesEarly works to 1800EllipseMathematicsTablesMoore JonasSir,1617-1679.1003096Cu-RivESCu-RivESBOOK996396490003316An excellent table for the finding the periferies, or circumferences of all elleipses or ovals2416236UNISA01540aam 2200409I 450 991071077060332120160922100246.0GOVPUB-C13-fb67bf456b7cb964f8247a527bd07955(CKB)5470000002478599(OCoLC)958933341(EXLCZ)99547000000247859920160922d2000 ua 0engrdacontentrdamediardacarrierCertification of the relative molecular mass and the intrinsic viscosity of SRM 2885, a polyethylene /C. M. Guttman; J. R. Maurey; W. R. Blair; C. R. SchultheiszGaithersburg, MD :U.S. Dept. of Commerce, National Institute of Standards and Technology,2000.1 online resourceNISTIR ;64542000.Contributed record: Metadata reviewed, not verified. Some fields updated by batch processes.Title from PDF title page.Includes bibliographical references.Guttman Charles M1391867Blair W. R1389635Guttman Charles M1391867Maurey J. R1407368Schultheisz Carl R1399883National Institute of Standards and Technology (U.S.)NBSNBSGPOBOOK9910710770603321Certification of the relative molecular mass and the intrinsic viscosity of SRM 2885, a polyethylene3488749UNINA