04577nam 2200649 a 450 991046396430332120181112201323.01-4623-9317-91-4527-6930-31-283-51792-21-4519-1021-59786613830371(CKB)3360000000443962(EBL)1608455(SSID)ssj0001474739(PQKBManifestationID)11901034(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001474739(PQKBWorkID)11472494(PQKB)11355853(OCoLC)535146892(MiAaPQ)EBC1608455(EXLCZ)99336000000044396220090807d2007 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrDebt dynamics and global imbalances[electronic resource] some conventional views reconsidered /prepared by Guy Meredith[Washington, D.C.] International Monetary Fund20071 online resource (56 p.)IMF working paper ;WP/07/4"January 2007."1-4518-6568-6 Includes bibliographical references (p. 51-54).Contents; I. Introduction; II. Stylized Facts; A. Evolution of Global Imbalances; Figures; 1. U.S. External Balances, 1979-2005; 2. Movements in Real U.S. Trade Balance: 1995-2005 Versus 1979-89; 3. U.S. Imports and Exports, 1980-2005; 4. U.S. Real Effective Exchange Rate: 1995-2005 Versus 1979-89; 5. U.S. Shares in World GDP, 1980-2005; 6. Ratio of Real Private Consumption to GDP, 1985-20005; 7. U.S. Net Foreign Assets, 1982-2005; 8. U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1982-2005; 9. ROW Holdings of Official Reserves, 1971-2005; B. Real Interest Rates; Tables1. U.S. Real Interest Rates and Growth Rates, 1900-200510. Yield on Inflation-Indexed U.S. Treasuries, 1997-2006; 2. Real Returns on U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1953-2004; 11. Real Yields on U.S. External Assets and Liabilities, 1977-2005; 12. U.S. Net International Investment Income, 1977-2005; 13. Valuation Adjustments to U.S. NFA, Cumulative Average, 1983-2005; III. Debt Dynamics; 14. Yields on BAA Corporate Bonds Versus U.S. Treasuries, 1953-2006; IV. Simulation Model; A. Structure; B. Parameterization; V. Simulation Results; A. Initial Equilibrium; B. Calibration of ShocksC. Baseline Simulation 15. Baseline Shocks to Model, 1995-2025; 16. Baseline Simulation Results, 1995-2025; 17. Baseline Simulation Results, 1995-2100; 18. U.S. Real Growth Rate and Marginal Product of Capital; 19. U.S. and ROW Consumption, 1995-2075; D. Alternative Paths for the Shocks; 20. Larger and More Drawn-Out Shocks, 1995-2100; 21. Phase-Out of International Reserve Accumulation, 1995-2025; 22. "Hard-Landing" Scenario, 1995-2025; E. Alternative Parameter Values; 23. Higher Initial Real Interest Rate, 1995-2100; 25. Alternative Trade Price Elasticities, 1995-215024. Increasing Asset Substitutability, 1995-2100 26. Ratio of U.S. to Row GDP, 1995-2010; 27. Higher Foreign Growth, 1995-2025; F. Fiscal Policy; 28. "Twin Deficits": Effect on Trade Balance of Change in Fiscal Balance; VI. Concluding Remarks; Appendix: Consumption, Wealth and Real Interest Rates; A. Infinite-Horizon Model; B. Finite-Horizon Model; ReferencesWe use a general-equilibrium model to explain the rise in global trade and payments imbalances since the mid-1990s, and then to construct adjustment paths to a steady state. Assuming that the shocks giving rise to the imbalances do not suddenly reverse, simulated movements in the U.S. trade deficit and exchange rate are smaller and more gradual than suggested by partial-equilibrium analyses. An important factor reducing the size of the adjustments is a simulated real interest rate on U.S. external liabilities that is below both the interest rate on external assets and the U.S. real economic grIMF working paper ;WP/07/4.Balance of tradeUnited StatesDebts, ExternalUnited StatesElectronic books.Balance of tradeDebts, External335.4335.4/12Meredith Guy936179International Monetary Fund.Western Hemisphere Dept.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910463964303321Debt dynamics and global imbalances2108915UNINA