05658nam 2200709 450 991046360430332120200520144314.01-4648-0391-9(CKB)2670000000582982(EBL)1884079(SSID)ssj0001380918(PQKBManifestationID)12507737(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001380918(PQKBWorkID)11371356(PQKB)10697708(MiAaPQ)EBC1884079(Au-PeEL)EBL1884079(CaPaEBR)ebr10991663(CaONFJC)MIL673988(OCoLC)897814741(EXLCZ)99267000000058298220141217h20152015 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBeyond contributory pensions fourteen experiences with coverage expansion in Latin America /Rafael P. Rofman, Ignacio Apella, and Evelyn Vezza, editorsWashington, District of Columbia :World Bank Group,2015.©20151 online resource (451 p.)Directions in Development. Human DevelopmentDescription based upon print version of record.1-4648-0390-0 1-322-42706-2 Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters.Front Cover; Contents; Preface; Abbreviations; Chapter 1 Introduction and Overview; Expanding Income Protection for the Elderly in Latin America; Figure 1.1 Timeline of Reforms Aimed at Expanding Coverage for the Elderly, Selected Countries, 2000-14; Figures; Rationale; Analytical Framework; The Demographic Context in Latin America; Figure 1.2 Median Age and Dependency Ratio of the Elderly, Latin America, 1950-2100; Figure 1.3 Dependency Ratio of the Elderly, Selected Countries, 2010 and 2100; History of Social Protection Systems in the RegionFigure 1.4 Activity Ratios for Adults from 55 to 75 Years Old and Women from 20 to 60 Years Old, Latin America, 1980-2050Figure 1.5 Implied Pension Obligations, Selected Countries, 2000-50; The Coverage Problem; Figure 1.6 Economically Active Population That Contributes to the Social Protection System, Selected Countries, 1990, 2000, and 2010; Figure 1.7 Coverage of the Older Adult Population, Selected Countries, 1990, 2000, and 2010; Figure 1.8 Older Adult Pension Coverage, by Income Quintile, around 2010; Procoverage Reforms: Why Now?Figure 1.9 Extreme Poverty Rate for Adults over 65, with and without Pension Income, Selected Countries, around 2006Box 1.1 Social Pensions in the Rest of the World; Boxes; Figure B1.1.1 Typology of Social Pension Programs in OECD Countries, 2007; Toward a Taxonomy of the Noncontributory Reforms in Latin America; Tables; Table 1.1 Initial Conditions before Inclusive Reforms; Figure 1.10 Coverage of New Social Protection Systems, 2012; Table 1.2 Coverage Expansion Programs, Design Characteristics; Different Needs and Financial SacrificesFigure 1.11 Average Benefit of New Social Protection Systems, 2012Figure 1.12 Form of Selecting Beneficiaries and the Noncontributory Benefit; Figure 1.13 Noncontributory Benefit Relative to the Contributory Benefit and the Poverty Line; Figure 1.14 Spending on New Social Protection Systems as a Percentage of GDP and of Spending on Contributory Pensions, 2012; Figure 1.15 Relationship between Coverage Increase and Financial Commitment, 2012; Conclusion: Policy Options, Challenges, Preconditions, and Prospects for Income Protection Systems for Older Adults; Annex 1A Coverage Expansion ProgramsTable 1A.1 Coverage Expansion Programs, Performance Indicators, 2012Notes; Bibliography; Chapter 2 Argentina; Background; Figure 2.1 Population Older than 65 Years, Argentina and Latin America, 1950-2100; Figure 2.2 Distribution of Contribution Density, 1994-2001; Figure 2.3 Pension System Coverage for the Economically Active and Employed Population, 1992-2010; Figure 2.4 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Social Security Benefit, 1992-2011; Figure 2.5 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Social Security Benefit, by Gender, 1992-2011Figure 2.6 Population over Age 65 Receiving a Welfare Benefit, by Income Quintile, 1992-2011Latin America's population is aging, and many among the growing elderly population are not protected by traditional pension schemes. In response, policy makers have been reevaluating their income protection systems so that between 2000 and 2013, the majority of Latin American countries reformed their social pension schemes to provide near-universal coverage for the elderly. Before this unprecedented wave of reform, most income protection in Latin America was provided through contributory pensions available only to formal sector workers. Considering that informal and unpaid employment characterDirections in development (Washington, D.C.).Human development.Old age pensionsGovernment policyLatin AmericaPensionsGovernment policyLatin AmericaSocial securityLatin AmericaElectronic books.Old age pensionsGovernment policyPensionsGovernment policySocial security331.25/2098Rofman Rafael P.Apella IgnacioVezza EvelynMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910463604303321Beyond contributory pensions2059710UNINA