04344nam 2200637 a 450 991046185470332120200520144314.01-59332-532-0(CKB)2670000000187285(EBL)1057835(OCoLC)787844748(SSID)ssj0000623471(PQKBManifestationID)12221224(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000623471(PQKBWorkID)10648730(PQKB)10425350(MiAaPQ)EBC1057835(Au-PeEL)EBL1057835(CaPaEBR)ebr10538015(EXLCZ)99267000000018728520111207d2012 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrStruggles over immigrants' language[electronic resource] literacy tests in the United States, 1917-1966 /Young-In OhEl Paso LFB Scholarly Pub.20121 online resource (182 p.)The new Americans : recent immigration and American societyDescription based upon print version of record.1-59332-477-4 Includes bibliographical references and index.CONTENTS; Acknowledgments; Introduction; CHAPTER 1: The Beginning of Federal Language Restriction: The Literacy Test Act of 1917; Still Open Door Mixed with Ethnocentric National Identity; Toward Immigration Restriction: Redefining Americans; The Literacy Test Act: A Product of Long Lasting Political Discourses in the Divided Government; CHAPTER 2: Applications and Challenges: Immigrants and the Administrators; The Implications of the Literacy Test Act; The Ambiguity of the Law and Its Discretionary Administration; Challenging the Arbitrary Administration of the Literacy TestCHAPTER 3: Power Politics in Implementing Immigration Policy: Congress and the Bureau Of Immigration Immigration Legislation and the Extent of Administrative Powers; Congressional Power and Dehumanizing Administration; Illegal Immigrants: A Consequence of the Conflict between Legislation and Administration; CHAPTER 4: The Literacy Tests and the National Quota Immigration Policies; The National Quota Immigration Act of 1924: Ongoing History of the Literacy Test; To Redefine a "White" America: Congress, the courts, and the states; American Citizen Yes, Voter No: Double Allegiance to State and NationEnglish as a Test of Being a Good American Citizen CHAPTER 5: The English Literacy Test in New York State: An Added Way of Making a "White" America; The English Literacy Test Election law of 1921 in New York State and Its Implications; A Step Towards Uniqueness: The 1923 Amendment; Two Kinds of Assimilation: Intended and Unintended Consequences; CHAPTER 6: Conclusion; Bibliography; IndexOh argues that the introduction of literacy tests influenced both the possibility of immigrant admission to the United States and the exercise of suffrage. The Literacy Test Act of 1917 was the first national language restriction on immigration and was used as a means of excluding "undesirable" linguistic minorities. Focusing on New York State, Oh shows how literacy tests were used to preserve the political hegemony. She argues that linguistic assimilation carried different meanings for different people. For Europeans, it meant swifter assimilation into American society, while for non-whites iNew Americans (LFB Scholarly Publishing LLC)LiteracySocial aspectsUnited StatesHistory20th centuryLiteracyAbility testingUnited StatesHistory20th centuryImmigrantsEducationUnited StatesHistory20th centuryUnited StatesEmigration and immigrationSocial aspectsUnited StatesEmigration and immigrationHistory20th centuryElectronic books.LiteracySocial aspectsHistoryLiteracyAbility testingHistoryImmigrantsEducationHistory371.826/9120973Oh Young-In1970-982138MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910461854703321Struggles over immigrants' language2241531UNINA