05571nam 2200781 a 450 991046180400332120200520144314.01-280-78305-297866136934400-8213-9578-5(CKB)2670000000208431(EBL)950620(OCoLC)797915456(SSID)ssj0000678388(PQKBManifestationID)11449816(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000678388(PQKBWorkID)10727591(PQKB)11263826(MiAaPQ)EBC950620(Au-PeEL)EBL950620(CaPaEBR)ebr10576338(CaONFJC)MIL369344(OCoLC)802054263(EXLCZ)99267000000020843120120608d2012 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrMitigating vulnerability to high and volatile oil prices[electronic resource] power sector experience in Latin America and the Caribbean /Rigoberto Ariel Yépez-García, Julie DanaWashington, D.C. World Bank20121 online resource (182 p.)Directions in development. Energy and miningDescription based upon print version of record.0-8213-9577-7 Includes bibliographical references.Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Units of Measure; Executive Summary; Oil Price Evolution and Risk Exposure; Figures; ES.1 Oil Trade Balance as a Percentage of GDP; Who Bears the Risk Burden?; Reducing Short-Term Price Uncertainty; Reducing Oil Consumption over the Long Run; What Can Be Done; How Much Can It Help?; Tables; ES.1 Overlapping Time Frames for Implementing Alternatives to Manage Oil Price Volatility; Chapter 1 Introduction; Effects of High and Volatile Oil Prices; 1.1 Evolution of WTI Oil Prices and Volatility, 2000-12; Study Background and ObjectiveStructure of This ReportNotes; References; Chapter 2 Economic Effects of High and Volatile Oil Prices; Effects of High Oil Prices; Effects of Oil Price Volatility; What Is the Risk Distribution?; 2.1 Pricing, Utility Ownership, and Stakeholder Relationships; 2.1 Distribution Scenarios of Higher Energy Costs; Boxes; 2.1 Reducing the Cost Burden of Subsidies; Summary Remarks; Notes; References; Chapter 3 Economic Indicators of Vulnerability: Analysis of Latin America and the Caribbean; Oil Trade Dynamics; 3.1 Country and Subregional Comparisons of Oil Imports as Share of GDP3.2 Ratio of Net Oil Imports or Exports to GDP in LAC Countries3.3 Comparisons of Primary Energy Supply by Source, 2008; Oil Exporter versus Importer; 3.1 Regional Energy Cooperation for Socioeconomic Development; 3.1 Oil Imports in Central America, 2006-08; 3.2 Oil Expenditure as Share of GDP in Central America, 2006-08; Dynamics of Oil Price Hikes and Subsidies; 3.4 Growth Effect Comparisons from Higher Oil Prices in Latin America and the Caribbean; 3.3 Macroeconomic Effects of Higher Oil Prices in Selected Countries of Latin America and the Caribbean3.4 Change in Energy Subsidies in Central America, 2007-08Summary Remarks; Notes; References; Chapter 4 Managing Oil Price Dynamics in the Power Sector: Experience in Latin America and the Caribbean; Oil-Dependent Energy Mix and Cost of Power Generation; Distribution of Costs and Risks; 4.1 Electricity Generation Mix in Selected Countries and Regions, 2007; 4.1 Oil Price Exposure in Guatemala; 4.2 Impact of Oil Price Changes on Power Generation Costs, 2006; 4.1 Electricity Market Structure in Central America and the Caribbean4.2 Majority Ownership of Power Utilities in Countries of Central America and the CaribbeanEconomic Impacts on the Sector; 4.2 Subsidies and Fiscal Vulnerability in Honduras; 4.3 Pricing Policy Trade-Offs in Guyana; 4.4 Peru's Oil Stabilization Fund; Summing Up; Note; Reference; Chapter 5 Price Risk Management Instruments; Overview of Instruments; 5.1 Overview of Selected Hedging Instruments: Advantages and Disadvantages; Risk Assessment; 5.1 Prices of WTI Crude Oil, Heating Oil, and HFO, 2001-10; Hedging Possibilities for Power Market Agents5.1 Hedging Natural Gas for Mexican Generators and Final ConsumersThis book addresses the need of oil-importing countries to mitigate vulnerability to oil price volatility. It offers financial instruments to manage price risk, complemented by structural measures designed to reduce oil consumption.Directions in development (Washington, D.C.).Energy and mining.Petroleum productsPricesLatin AmericaPetroleum productsPricesCaribbean AreaEnergy consumptionLatin AmericaEnergy consumptionCaribbean AreaEnergy policyLatin AmericaEnergy policyCaribbean AreaElectronic books.Petroleum productsPricesPetroleum productsPricesEnergy consumptionEnergy consumptionEnergy policyEnergy policy338.2/3282098Yépez-Garcia Rigoberto Ariel860880Dana Julie1969-996206MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910461804003321Mitigating vulnerability to high and volatile oil prices2283249UNINA01708nam 2200385 a 450 991069762880332120081020091659.0(CKB)5470000002390677(OCoLC)262829014(EXLCZ)99547000000239067720081020d1982 ua 0engurmn|||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierBiota and biological principles of the aquatic environment[electronic resource][Reston, Va.] :U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey,1982.vi, A1-A49 pages DJVU, image fileBriefing papers on water qualityGeological Survey circular ;848-ATitle from .djvu (viewed on Oct. 2, 2008).Includes bibliographical references.Why biology in water-quality studies? / by Phillip E. Greeson -- Stream biology / by Keith V. Slack -- Phytoplankton / by George A. McCoy -- Periphyton / by George A. McCoy -- Drift organisms in streams / by Keith V. Slack -- Family Chironomidae (Diptera) / by Larry J. Tilley -- Influences of water temperature on aquatic biota / by Ray J. Hoffman and Robert C. Averett -- Stream channelization: effects on stream fauna / by Susan S. Hahn.Aquatic biologyWater quality biological assessmentAquatic biology.Water quality biological assessment.Geological Survey (U.S.)GPOGPOBOOK9910697628803321Biota and biological principles of the aquatic environment3138380UNINA