04967nam 2200649Ia 450 991046164650332120200520144314.01-61761-039-9(CKB)2670000000176627(EBL)3018087(SSID)ssj0000687770(PQKBManifestationID)12220410(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000687770(PQKBWorkID)10756185(PQKB)11535074(MiAaPQ)EBC3018087(Au-PeEL)EBL3018087(CaPaEBR)ebr10659009(OCoLC)787863530(EXLCZ)99267000000017662720100604d2010 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrChanges in the Arctic[electronic resource] background and issues /Brandon D. Swarson, editorNew York Nova Science Publishersc20101 online resource (243 p.)Arctic region and Antarctica issues and researchDescription based upon print version of record.1-61728-882-9 Includes bibliographical references and index.""LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA ""; "" CHANGES IN THE ARCTIC: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES ""; ""CONTENTS ""; ""PREFACE ""; ""CHANGES IN THE ARCTIC: BACKGROUND AND ISSUES FOR CONGRESS* ""; ""SUMMARY ""; ""INTRODUCTION ""; ""BACKGROUND1 ""; ""Definitions of the Arctic ""; ""Arctic Circle Definition and Resulting Arctic Countries ""; ""Definition in Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984 ""; ""Other Definitions ""; ""U.S. Arctic Research ""; ""Arctic Research and Policy Act of 1984, As Amended ""; ""NSF FY2011 Budget Request for Arctic Research """"January 2009 Presidential Arctic Policy Directive """"The Arctic and the U.N. Convention on Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) 17 ""; ""Background to UNCLOS ""; ""Part VI of UNCLOS and Commission on Limits of Continental Shelf""; ""U.S. Activities as a Non-Party to UNCLOS ""; ""ISSUES FOR CONGRESS ""; ""Climate Change and Loss of Arctic Sea Ice 26 ""; ""Territorial Claims and Sovereignty Issues 33 ""; ""Commercial Sea Transportation36 ""; ""Background ""; ""Destination Traffic, Not Trans-Arctic Traffic ""; ""Cruise Ship Activity """"Unpredictable Ice Conditions Hinders Trans-Arctic Shipping """"Basic Navigation Infrastructure Is Lacking ""; ""Regulation of Arctic Shipping ""; ""Arctic Guidelines ""; ""Long-Range Vessel Tracking Requirement ""; ""“Ice Class� Vessel Certification ""; ""Oil, Gas, and Mineral Exploration ""; ""Oil and Gas ""; ""Extent of the Continental Margin ""; ""Minerals ""; ""Environment and Economics ""; ""Oil Pollution and Pollution Response 67""; ""Oil Pollution Implications of Arctic Change ""; ""Risk of Oil Pollution in the Arctic ""; ""Potential Impacts """"Response and Cleanup Challenges in the Arctic Region """"Spill Response Challenges ""; ""Oil Spill Cleanup Challenges ""; ""Existing Policy Framework ""; ""Fisheries 93 ""; ""Protected Species 96 ""; ""Indigenous People Living in the Arctic 100 ""; ""Background ""; ""Effects of Climate Change ""; ""Polar Icebreaking130 ""; ""Search and Rescue 134 ""; ""U.S. Relations with other Arctic Countries 136 ""; ""U.S. Military Forces and Operations 148 ""; ""2010 Quadrennial Defense Review ""; ""Navy and Coast Guard ""; ""January 2009 Arctic Policy Directive """"CRS REPORTS ON SPECIFIC ARCTIC-RELATED ISSUES """"APPENDIX A. ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY ACT OF 1984 (TITLE I OF P.L. 98-373) ""; ""Findings and Purposes ""; ""Arctic Research Commission ""; ""Duties of Commission ""; ""Cooperation with the Commission ""; ""Administration of the Commission ""; ""Lead Agency and Interagency Arctic Research Policy Committee ""; ""Duties of the Interagency Committee ""; ""5-Year Arctic Research Plan ""; ""Coordination and Review of Budget Requests ""; ""Authorization of Appropriations; New Spending Authority ""; ""Definition """"APPENDIX B. P.L. 101-609 OF 1990, AMENDING ARCTIC RESEARCH AND POLICY ACT OF 1984 ""Arctic region and Antarctica issues and research.Environmental degradationArctic regionsEnvironmental policyArctic regionsGlobal environmental changeArctic regionsArctic regionsEnvironmental conditionsElectronic books.Environmental degradationEnvironmental policyGlobal environmental change363.700911/3Swarson Brandon D870631MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910461646503321Changes in the Arctic1943490UNINA