04495nam 2200661 450 991046016530332120200520144314.01-61635-822-X1-4983-7991-5(CKB)3710000000373842(EBL)1983706(MiAaPQ)EBC1983706(Au-PeEL)EBL1983706(CaPaEBR)ebr11027499(CaONFJC)MIL740893(OCoLC)905985538(EXLCZ)99371000000037384220150317h20152015 uy 0engur|n|---|||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierEnergy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean stocktaking and policy challenges /Gabriel Di Bella [and five others] ; authorized for distribution by Adrienne Cheasty[Washington, District of Columbia] :International Monetary Fund,2015.©20151 online resource (80 p.)IMF Working Paper ;WP/15/30Description based upon print version of record.1-4843-6536-4 Includes bibliographical references.Cover; Contents; Executive Summary; I. Introduction; Figures; 1. Energy Subsidies: A Global Perspective (Percent of GDP); II. Taking Stock of Energy Subsidies in LAC countries; Tables; 1. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies (Percent of GDP, average 2011-13); 2. Pre-tax Energy Subsidies (Percent of GDP, average 2011-13; 2. Energy Subsidies and Economic Size (Average 2011-13); A. Fuel Subsidies in LAC; 3. Fuel Subsidies and Energy Richness (Average 2011-13); 4.Gasoline and Diesel Prices Including Taxes; 3. Selected Fuel Price Practices and Financing Regimes in LAC; B. Electricity Subsidies in LAC4. Selected Electricity Price Practices and Financing Regimes in LACIII. Policy Challenges for LAC Arising from Energy Subsidies; A. Fiscal Costs; 5. Electricity Subsidies and Measures of Electricity Performance (Average 2011-13); 6. Energy Subsidies and Fiscal Deficits (Percent of GDP, Average 2011-13); B. Fiscal Transparency; 7. Energy Subsidies and Fiscal Revenues (Average 2011-13); C. The Energy Value Chain, SOEs, and Competitiveness; 8. Gasoline and Diesel Prices Net of Taxes; D. External Vulnerabilities; 9. Current Account and Oil Trade BalancesE. Household Welfare and Income Distribution10. Energy Subsidies and Fiscal Spending (Average 2011-13); F. Environmental and other Negative Externalities; IV. How and When to Reform Subsidy Policy? Experience from LAC countries; 11. Fuel Taxation and Negative Externalities (Current Excise Minus Corrective Tax, US/Liter, 2010); A. How to Rationalize Subsidies?; B. When to Rationalize Subsidies?; Annexes; I: Country Groupings; II: Data Sources; III: A Summary of Energy Policies in LAC countries; Boxes; 1. Measuring Fuel Subsidies by the Price-Gap Approach; 2. Measuring Electricity Subsidies3. Energy Subsidies and Country Characteristics4. The Petrocaribe Arrangement; ReferencesThe oil price decline creates an opportunity to dismantle energy subsidies, which escalatedwith high oil prices. This paper assesses energy subsidies in Latin America and theCaribbean-about 1.8 percent of GDP in 2011-13 (approximately evenly split betweenfuel and electricity), and about 3.8 percent of GDP including negative externalities.Countries with poorer institutions subsidize more. Energy-rich countries subsidize fuelmore, but low-income countries are more likely to subsidize electricity, as are CentralAmerica and the Caribbean. Energy subsidies impose fiscal costs, hurting SOEs,competitIMF working paper ;WP/15/30.Natural resourcesLatin AmericaEnergy industriesLatin AmericaFiscal policyLatin AmericaGovernment business enterprisesLatin AmericaNatural resourcesCaribbean AreaElectronic books.Natural resourcesEnergy industriesFiscal policyGovernment business enterprisesNatural resources333.7098Di Bella GabrielCheasty A.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910460165303321Energy subsidies in Latin America and the Caribbean1987804UNINA