04659nam 22006134a 450 991045871060332120200520144314.01-280-63060-497866106306080-08-045446-1(CKB)1000000000364651(EBL)269876(OCoLC)469387514(SSID)ssj0000266734(PQKBManifestationID)11217124(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000266734(PQKBWorkID)10304957(PQKB)11289440(MiAaPQ)EBC269876(Au-PeEL)EBL269876(CaPaEBR)ebr10138166(CaONFJC)MIL63060(EXLCZ)99100000000036465120050316d2005 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrVariation[electronic resource] /edited by Benedikt Hallgrímsson, Brian HallAmsterdam ;Boston Elsevier Academic Pressc20051 online resource (594 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-12-088777-0 Includes bibliographical references.Variation; Variation; CONTENTS; Variation and Variability: Central Concepts in Biology; REFERENCES; Variation from Darwin to the Modern Synthesis; INTRODUCTION; I. VARIATION BEFORE DARWIN; II. DARWIN AND VARIATION; III. ALTERNATIVE THEORIES OF VARIATION AND EVOLUTION; IV. NEO-DARWINISM; V. THE EVOLUTIONARY SYNTHESIS; VI. CONCLUSIONS; REFERENCES; The Statistics of Variation; ABSTRACT; INTRODUCTION; I. ABSOLUTE VARIATION: UNIVARIATE CASE; II. ABSOLUTE VARIATION: MULTIVARIATE CASE; III. RELATIVE VARIATION: UNIVARIATE CASE; IV. RELATIVE VARIATION: MULTIVARIATE CASE; V. DIMENSIONALITY OF VARIATIONVI. TIGHTNESSVII. MEASUREMENT ERROR AND SINGLE SPECIMENS; REFERENCES; Landmark Morphometrics and the Analysis of Variation; INTRODUCTION; I. COORDINATE DATA AND THE COORDINATE SYSTEM; II. THE GENERAL PERTURBATION MODEL FOR LANDMARK VARIATION; III. PROPER ELIMINATION OF NUISANCE PARAMETERS USING A COORDINATE SYSTEM INVARIANT METHOD OF ESTIMATION; IV. ADDING ASSUMPTIONS TO THE PERTURBATION MODEL; V. CONCLUSIONS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Variation in Ontogeny; INTRODUCTION; I. MEASURING VARIATION: A CASE STUDY; II. IMPLICATIONS FOR STUDIES OF VARIATION; III. CONCLUSIONS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTSREFERENCESConstraints on Variation from Genotype through Phenotype to Fitness; INTRODUCTION; I. RNA EVOLUTIONARY MODEL; II. EVOLVING CONSTRAINTS ON VARIATION IN RNA; III. MECHANISTIC CONSTRAINTS; IV. EPISTATIC CONSTRAINTS; V. VIABILITY CONSTRAINTS; VI. MODULARITY: A WAY OUT OF THE CONSTRAINTS; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Developmental Origins of Variation; INTRODUCTION; I. DOES INTRINSIC DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATION EXIST?; II. INTRINSIC VARIATION IN DIFFERENT ENVIRONMENTS; III. POTENTIAL ORIGINS OF INTRINSIC DEVELOPMENTAL VARIATION; IV. AN EXAMPLE OF NOISE IN EUKARYOTIC TRANSCRIPTIONV. NOISY BICOID GENE EXPRESSION IN FRUIT FLIESVI. NOISE IN ASYMMETRY PRODUCTION; VII. NOISY IMPLICATION FOR EVOLUTION; VIII. NETWORKS; IX. MORPHOGENETIC FIELDS: A POTENTIAL SOURCE OF VARIATION; X. IMPLICATIONS; XI. SUMMARY; ACKNOWLEDGMENTS; REFERENCES; Canalization, Cryptic Variation, and Developmental Buffering: A Critical Examination and Analytical Perspective; INTRODUCTION; I. A REVIEW OF THE REVIEWS; II. EMPIRICAL CONCERNS FOR THE STUDY OF CANALIZATION; III. DEFINITIONS OF CANALIZATION; IV. REACTION NORM OF THE MEAN (RxNM) DEFINITION OF CANALIZATIONXV. THE FUTURE FOR STUDIES OF CANALIZATIONDarwin's theory of evolution by natural selection was based on the observation that there is variation between individuals within the same species. This fundamental observation is a central concept in evolutionary biology. However, variation is only rarely treated directly. It has remained peripheral to the study of mechanisms of evolutionary change. The explosion of knowledge in genetics, developmental biology, and the ongoing synthesis of evolutionary and developmental biology has made it possible for us to study the factors that limit, enhance, or structure variation at the level of an Variation (Biology)Electronic books.Variation (Biology)576.5/4Hallgrímsson Benedikt446539Hall Brian Keith1941-446538MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910458710603321Variation1980585UNINA