01214nam--2200409---450-99000321160020331620090330122659.00-262-02536-1000321160USA01000321160(ALEPH)000321160USA0100032116020090330d2003----km-y0itay50------baengUS||||||||001yyProbabilistic linguisticsedited by Rens Bod, Jennifer Hay, and Stefanie JannedyCambridge (Mass.)LondonThe MIT PressCcopyr. 2003XII, 451 p.tav.23 cmAtti del congresso Probability theory in linguistics, Washington, gennaio 200120012001001-------2001LinguisticaMetodi statistici410.151BOD,RensHAY,JenniferJANNEDY,StefanieITsalbcISBD990003211600203316I.8.A.768963 DSLLBKDSLLDSLL9020090330USA011226DSLL9020090330USA011226Probabilistic linguistics710050UNISA05125nam 2200637 450 991046060980332120210209145034.03-527-65052-03-527-65054-73-527-65055-5(CKB)3710000000387702(EBL)2008065(SSID)ssj0001493114(PQKBManifestationID)11855095(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001493114(PQKBWorkID)11509559(PQKB)10133727(MiAaPQ)EBC2008065(EXLCZ)99371000000038770220151106h20142014 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrHandbook of RNA biochemistry /edited by Roland K. Hartmann [and three others]Second, completely revised and enlarged edition.Weinheim, Germany :Wiley-VCH,2014.©20141 online resource (1371 p.)Description based upon print version of record.3-527-32776-2 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover; Title Page; Copyright; Contents; Preface; List of Contributors; Part I RNA Synthesis and Detection; Chapter 1 Enzymatic RNA Synthesis Using Bacteriophage T7 RNA Polymerase; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Description of Method - T7 Transcription In vitro; 1.2.1 Templates; 1.2.1.1 Strategy (i): Insertion into a Plasmid; 1.2.1.2 Strategy (ii): Direct Use of Templates Generated by PCR; 1.2.1.3 Strategy (iii): Annealing of a T7 Promoter DNA Oligonucleotide to a Single-Stranded Template; 1.2.2 Special Demands on the RNA Product1.2.2.1 Homogeneous 5' and 3' Ends, Small RNAs, Functional Groups at the 5' End1.2.2.2 Modified Substrates; 1.3 Transcription Protocols; 1.3.1 Transcription with Unmodified Nucleotides; 1.3.2 Transcription with 2' -Fluoro-Modified Nucleotides; 1.3.3 T7 Transcripts with 5' - Cap Structures; 1.3.4 Purification; 1.4 Troubleshooting; 1.4.1 Low or No Product Yield; 1.5 Rapid Preparation of T7 RNA Polymerase; 1.5.1 Required Material; 1.5.1.1 Medium; 1.5.1.2 Buffers and Solutions; 1.5.1.3 Electrophoresis and Chromatography; 1.5.2 Procedure1.5.2.1 Cell Growth, Induction, and Test for Expression of T7 RNAP1.5.2.2 Purification of T7 RNAP; 1.5.3 Notes and Troubleshooting; References; Chapter 2 Production of RNAs with Homogeneous 5' - and 3' -Ends; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Description of Approach; 2.2.1 Cis-Cleaving Autocatalytic Ribozyme Cassettes; 2.2.1.1 The 5' -Cassette; 2.2.1.2 The 3' -Cassette; 2.2.1.3 Purification of Released RNA Product and Conversion of End Groups; 2.2.2 Trans-Cleaving Ribozymes for the Generation of Homogeneous 3' Ends; 2.2.3 Further Strategies toward Homogeneous Ends2.3 Critical Experimental Steps, Changeable Parameters, Troubleshooting2.3.1 Construction of Cis-Cleaving 5'- and 3'-Cassettes; 2.4 PCR Protocols; 2.5 Potential Problems; References; Chapter 3 RNA Ligation; 3.1 General Introduction; 3.1.1 T4 Polynucleotide Ligases; 3.1.2 Reaction Mechanism; 3.1.3 Advantages of T4 DNA Ligase for RNA Ligation; 3.1.4 Chapter Structure; 3.2 RNA Ligation Using T4 DNA Ligase (T4 Dnl); 3.2.1 Overview of the RNA Ligation Method Using the T4 DNA Ligase (T4 Dnl); 3.2.2 Large-Scale Transcription and Purification of RNAs3.2.3 Generating Homogeneous Acceptor 3' -Ends for Ligation3.2.4 Site-Directed Cleavage with RNase H; 3.2.5 Dephosphorylation and Phosphorylation of RNAs; 3.2.6 RNA Ligation; 3.2.7 Troubleshooting; 3.3 Simultaneous Splint Ligation of Five RNA Fragments to Generate RNAs for FRET Experiments; 3.3.1 Introduction; 3.3.2 Construct Design; 3.3.3 Troubleshooting; 3.3.3.1 Low Overall Ligation Efficiency; 3.3.3.2 Undesired Ligation By-products; 3.3.3.3 RNA Degradation; 3.4 T4 RNA Ligase(s); 3.4.1 Introduction; 3.4.2 Mechanism and Substrate Specificity; 3.4.2.1 Early Studies3.4.2.2 Substrate Specificity and Reaction ConditionsThe second edition of a highly acclaimed handbook and ready reference. Unmatched in its breadth and quality, around 100 specialists from all over the world share their up-to-date expertise and experiences, including hundreds of protocols, complete with explanations, and hitherto unpublished troubleshooting hints. They cover all modern techniques for the handling, analysis and modification of RNAs and their complexes with proteins. Throughout, they bear the practising bench scientist in mind, providing quick and reliable access to a plethora of solutions for practical questions of RNA researchRNAHandbooks, manuals, etcBiochemistryHandbooks, manuals, etcBiochemistryElectronic books.RNABiochemistryBiochemistry.572.8/8Hartmann Roland K.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910460609803321Handbook of RNA biochemistry1420155UNINA05492nam 2200685 a 450 991045743320332120200520144314.01-283-32857-7978661332857190-272-7941-1(CKB)2550000000064143(EBL)795709(OCoLC)769341884(SSID)ssj0001101494(PQKBManifestationID)11710948(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001101494(PQKBWorkID)11067557(PQKB)10981097(MiAaPQ)EBC795709(Au-PeEL)EBL795709(CaPaEBR)ebr10509517(EXLCZ)99255000000006414319860718d1986 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrSubstrata versus universals in Creole genesis[electronic resource] papers from the Amsterdam Creole Workshop, April 1985 /edited by Pieter Muysken & Norval SmithAmsterdam ;Philadelphia J. Benjamins19861 online resource (323 p.)Creole language library ;v. 1Description based upon print version of record.90-272-5221-1 Includes bibliographies.SUBSTRATA VERSUS UNIVERSALS IN CREOLE GENESIS; Editorial page; Title page; Copyright page; Preface; Table of contents; Introduction: Problems in the Identification of Substratum Features in the Creole Languages; Who, What, Where and Why?; The contributions to this volume; Synthesis; REFERENCES; The Language Bioprogram Hypothesis: Déjà Vu?; REFERENCES; Creoles and West African Languages: a Case of Mistaken Identity?; NOTES; REFERENCES; Bonnet Blanc et Blanc Bonnet: Adjective-Noun Order, Substratum and Language Universals; 1. The problem and some data; 2. Adjective order in Tok Pisin3. Substratum vs. other explanations4. Conclusions; NOTES; REFERENCES; Semantic Transparency as a Factor in Creole Genesis; NOTE; REFERENCES; The Domestic Hypothesis, Diffusion and Componentiality. An Account of Atlantic Anglophone Creole Origins; 1. Evidence of a pre-1800 anglophone creole on the Coast; 2. Evidence of long-term British settlement on the Coast; 3. Evidence of domestic unions between Europeans and Africans; 4. Emergence of Creole societies; 5. Role of the grumettoes; 6. Evidence for the age and provenance of Guinea Coast Creole English(1) The nature of the English first heard by Africans(2) The linguistic situation in Guinea encountered by the English speakers; (3) The emergence of creolized English from English and African contact; (4) Its further modification by second-language speakers; (5) Its transmission overseas and the development of the Western creoles; 7. Summary; WORKS CONSULTED; Genesisand Development of the Equative Copula in Sranan; 1. The data; 2. The pronominal origin of copular da; 3. The historical development of the equative copula4. Substrata and universals in the differentiation of the equative category5. Summary and conclusion; NOTES; APPENDIX: Historical sources used for this study; REFERENCES; The Universalistand Substrate Hypotheses Complement One Another; 1. Why Are We Discussing Only the Universalist and Substrate Hypotheses?; 2. Some High Marks for the Universalist Hypothesis; 3. Is the Substrate Hypothesis All Wrong?; 4. Double Standards regarding Atlantic and Oceanic Pidgins and Creoles?; 5. Couple of Relevant Miscellanea; NOTES; REFERENCES; Universals, Substrata and the Indian Ocean Creoles1. Demography and the evolution of Reu and IdF2. Agglutination; 3. The predicate marker system in IdF and other Creoles; 4. An example of Indo-Aryan syntactic influence in Mauritian Creole; 5. Concluding remarks; NOTES; ANNEXE 1; BIBLIOGRAPHY; DoubleNegationand the Genesis of Afrikaans; 1. Preliminary considerations; 2. Afrikaans and other languages once spoken at the Cape; 2.1. Introductory remarks; 2.2. Various views on the development of Afrikaans (Hesseling e.a.); 2.3. The linguistic situation at the Cape from a historical point of view; 2.4. Consequences for research3. Double negation in AfrikaansTwo of the most prominent hypotheses about why the structures of the Creole languages of the Atlantic and the Pacific differ are the universalist and he substrate hypotheses. The universalist hypothesis claims, essentially, that the particular grammatical properties of Creole languages directly reflect universal aspects of the human language capacity, and thus Creole genesis involves, then, the stripping away of the accretions of language history. The substrate hypothesis claims, on the other hand, that creole genesis results from the confrontation of two systems, the native languages of the cCreole language library ;v. 1.Creole dialectsCongressesSubstratum (Linguistics)CongressesLinguistic universalsCongressesElectronic books.Creole dialectsSubstratum (Linguistics)Linguistic universals417/.2Muysken Pieter152040Smith Norval156649MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910457433203321Substrata versus universals in Creole genesis2151707UNINA