04440nam 2200661 a 450 991045607260332120200520144314.01-280-21067-297866102106710-309-56787-40-585-08517-X(CKB)110986584751702(EBL)3376697(SSID)ssj0000238562(PQKBManifestationID)11220756(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000238562(PQKBWorkID)10233913(PQKB)11061605(MiAaPQ)EBC3376697(Au-PeEL)EBL3376697(CaPaEBR)ebr10056974(OCoLC)814277342(EXLCZ)9911098658475170219960312d1995 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrRisk & innovation[electronic resource] the role and importance of small high-tech companies in the U.S. economy /Committee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies, National Academy of EngineeringWashington, D.C. National Academy Press19951 online resource (99 p.)Committee chairman: Henry Kressel.0-309-05376-5 Includes bibliographical references.Risk & Innovation; Copyright; Preface; Contents; RISK & INNOVATION; 1 Executive Summary ; INTRODUCTION; THE ROLES OF TECHNOLOGICAL START-UPS AND SMALL INNOVATIVE COMPANIES IN THE U.S. ECONOMY; OPPORTUNITIES FOR SMALL TECHNOLOGY-ORIENTED COMPANIES; HOW GOVERNMENTS CAN NURTURE SMALL COMPANIES AND TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATORS; 2 Introduction ; THE STUDY APPROACH; DEFINITIONS AND POLICY QUESTIONS; THE STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT; 3 The Roles of Technological Start-Ups and Small Innovative Companies in the U.S. Economy ; COMPARING THE CONTRIBUTIONS OF SMALL TECHNOLOGY-ORIENTED COMPANIESAdvanced Displays and Visual Systems Implantable and Surgical Medical Devices; Software; Environmental Testing Services; Network Services and Access Devices; Outdoor Sporting Goods; Summary Comparison; CONCLUSIONS; 4 Opportunities for Small Technology-Oriented Companies ; HOW THE MARKET DETERMINES OPPORTUNITIES AND RISKS; Fragmented, Technically Dynamic, and Rapidly Growing Markets; Low Barriers to Entry; An Adequate Technical and Business Infrastructure; Good Access To Potential Customers; Availability of Financing; A Culture (Recent History) of Entrepreneurship; Characteristic RisksTHE LARGE-COMPANY ROLE THE IMPORTANCE OF GEOGRAPHY; Regional Sources of Entrepreneurs and Ideas; Factors Affecting the Start-ups in a Region; Factors Affecting the Ability of a Company to Grow in a Region; SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS; 5 How Governments Can Nurture Small Companies and Technological Innovators ; FEDERAL POLICIES: SMALL BUSINESS ASSISTANCE; FEDERAL POLICIES: TECHNOLOGY INITIATIVES; FEDERAL PROGRAMS THAT SUPPORT SMALL HIGH-TECH COMPANIES; STATE AND REGIONAL ASSISTANCE PROGRAMS; THE NATIONAL BUSINESS ENVIRONMENT; UNINTENDED EFFECTS OF GOVERNMENT POLICYMAKINGMedical Devices: Innovation as an Investment Decision Environmental Testing Labs: Created and Constrained by Environmental Regulation; Networks: Evolution of Regulatory Schemes; IMPLICATIONS FOR POLICY; Appendix What We Know About Small Business in America ; DEFINITIONS; THE JOB CREATION DEBATE; INNOVATION IN SMALL COMPANIES; OTHER AREAS OF COMPARISON BETWEEN LARGE AND SMALL FIRMS; Wages; Benefits; Job Security; Training; Unionization; Political Resources; Influence; Intangibles; THE DATA ON SMALL HIGH-TECH COMPANIES; Biographies of Committee MembersRisk and innovationHigh technology industriesUnited StatesSmall businessUnited StatesTechnological innovationsEconomic aspectsUnited StatesRiskUnited StatesElectronic books.High technology industriesSmall businessTechnological innovationsEconomic aspectsRisk338.1National Academy of Engineering.Committee on Technology, Management, and Capital in Small High-Tech Companies.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910456072603321Risk & innovation2254244UNINA