04972nam 2200637 a 450 991045592480332120200520144314.01-280-19623-897866101962340-309-58511-20-585-02019-1(CKB)110986584751240(EBL)3376110(SSID)ssj0000146280(PQKBManifestationID)11147788(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000146280(PQKBWorkID)10185527(PQKB)11521551(MiAaPQ)EBC3376110(Au-PeEL)EBL3376110(CaPaEBR)ebr10055104(OCoLC)923261211(EXLCZ)9911098658475124019921221d1993 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrEmployment and health benefits[electronic resource] a connection at risk /Committee on Employer-Based Health Benefits, Division of Health Care Services, Institute of Medicine ; Marilyn J. Field and Harold T. Shapiro, editorsWashington, D.C. National Academy Press19931 online resource (376 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-309-04827-3 Includes bibliographical references (p. 262-284) and index.""Employment and Health Benefits""; ""Copyright""; ""Preface""; ""Acknowledgments""; ""Contents""; ""Summary""; ""EMPLOYMENT-BASED HEALTH BENEFITS IN CONTEXT""; ""Historical Development""; ""Key Statistics""; ""International Comparisons""; ""Scope and Functions""; ""Access to Health Services""; ""Costs in Context""; ""DISTINGUISHING FEATURES OF THE CURRENT SYSTEM""; ""Voluntary Group Purchase""; ""Lack of Universal Coverage""; ""Risk Selection and Discrimination""; ""Dispersed Power and Accountability""; ""Diversity""; ""Innovation""; ""Discontinuity""; ""Barriers to Cost Management""""Complexity""""Strengths and Limitations of These Features""; ""FUTURE DIRECTIONS""; ""To Improve a Voluntary System""; ""Reducing or Compensating for Risk Selection""; ""Subsidizing Coverage""; ""Other Regulatory Issues""; ""The Financing Dilemma""; ""Beyond Voluntary Coverage""; ""Research Agenda""; ""FINAL THOUGHTS""; ""1 Background and Introduction""; ""EMPLOYMENT-BASED HEALTH BENEFITS IN CONTEXT""; ""OVERVIEW OF REPORT""; ""WHY THIS STUDY?""; ""Relation to the Debate over Health Care Reform""; ""Issues and Concerns""; ""KEY CONCEPTS AND TERMS AS USED IN THIS REPORT""""Employment-Based Health Benefits""""Social Insurance and Private Insurance""; ""Small and Large Groups""; ""Risk, Insurance, and Benefits""; ""Insurable Events""; ""Moral Hazard, Biased Selection, Risk Segmentation, and Underwriting""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""2 Origins and Evolution of Employment-Based Health Benefits""; ""THE BIRTH OF INSURANCE FOR MEDICAL CARE EXPENSES""; ""Early Voluntary Initiatives""; ""Early Public Action""; ""THE DIVERGENT PATH OF THE UNITED STATES""; ""Unsuccessful Early State Initiatives""; ""Proposals for National Health Insurance in the Depression and Postwar Years""""Innovation in the Private Sector""""Employment-Based Benefits, Federal Regulations, and Union Policies""; ""Growth and Change in Health Insurance Products""; ""Federal Government as Sponsor of Employee Health Benefits Program""; ""EARLY COST MANAGEMENT EFFORTS BY INSURERS AND OTHERS""; ""Management of the Risk Pool""; ""Design of the Benefit Plan""; ""Controls on Payments to Providers""; ""Constraints on Supply""; ""Utilization Review""; ""Impact of Early Cost Management Efforts""; ""THE LIMITS OF VOLUNTARY HEALTH BENEFITS AND MEDICARE AND MEDICAID""; ""Medicare""; ""Medicaid""""National Health Insurance Revisited""""FEDERAL REGULATION AND THE EMPLOYER'S GROWING ROLE""; ""Federal and State Roles Before 1974""; ""The Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974""; ""CONCLUSION""; ""3 Employment-Based Health Benefits Today""; ""DATA SOURCES""; ""WHO IS AND IS NOT COVERED BY EMPLOYMENT-BASED HEALTH BENEFITS?""; ""Covered Workers and Family Members""; ""Uninsured Workers and Family Members""; ""Retirees""; ""Sources of Variation in Employment-Based Coverage""; ""WHAT TYPES OF COVERAGE ARE OFFERED?""; ""Types of Health Plans""; ""Conventional Plans""""Network Plans""Health insuranceUnited StatesVoluntary employees' beneficiary associationsUnited StatesElectronic books.Health insuranceVoluntary employees' beneficiary associations331.25/5Field Marilyn J(Marilyn Jane)855032Shapiro Harold T.1935-66794MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910455924803321Employment and health benefits1915776UNINA