05039nam 2200721Ia 450 991045582150332120200520144314.01-280-08434-097866100843401-4175-0060-3(CKB)111087027997114(EBL)3050660(OCoLC)54752182(SSID)ssj0000333525(PQKBManifestationID)11259064(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000333525(PQKBWorkID)10357690(PQKB)11556468(MiAaPQ)EBC3050660(Au-PeEL)EBL3050660(CaPaEBR)ebr10051561(CaONFJC)MIL8434(EXLCZ)9911108702799711420040107d2004 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrGender and development in the Middle East and North Africa[electronic resource] women in the public sphereWashington, DC World Bank20041 online resource (221 p.)Orientations in developmentDescription based upon print version of record.0-8213-5676-3 Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Glossary of Terms; Acronyms and Abbreviations; Overview; The Gender Paradox; The Costs of Low Participation of Women in the Economy and the Political Sphere Are High ...; ... But the Benefits of Enhanced Participation of Women Are Positive; Factors That Have Empowered Women in Other Parts of the World Have Been Less Effective in MENA; Achievements in Women's Education and Health ...; ... Are Not Matched by Gains in Women's Participation in the Labor Force; What Has Slowed Women's Entry into the Labor Force?; Even If Demand Factors Play a Role ...... Standard Labor Market Discrimination Does Not Explain Low Participation ...... But the Combination of Social and Economic Factors Does; A New Agenda about Gender; What Needs to Be Done ...; ... And Who Needs to Do It; 1. Why Does Gender Inequality Matter in MENA?; A Historical Perspective on Gender Equality in MENA; Outline of the Report; Notes; 2. Closing the Gender Gap in Education and Health; Increasing the Achievements in Women's Education; Dramatic Increase in Years of Schooling and Literacy; Progress in Reducing Gender Gaps in School EnrollmentCompletion Rates That Reflect Continued Discouragement for GirlsEducating Women for Empowerment; Greater Emphasis Needed to Create Demand for Schooling; Enrollment of Girls from Remote and Poor Families; Making Progress in Health and Fertility; Life Expectancy That Has Increased; Infant and Maternal Mortality Rates That Have Fallen; Fertility That Has Fallen Dramatically; Challenging the Health Sector: Social Health and Second-Generation Issues; Reduction in Early Pregnancies; Increase in Reproductive Health Knowledge; Improvement in Women's Access to Health Services; Notes3. Women in the EconomyWomen's Participation in Economic Activity Has Increased at an Accelerating Rate ...; ... But Participation of Women in the Labor Force Remains Low; Economic Impact of Low Participation by Women in the Labor Force; The Burden of High Economic Dependency; Forgone Return on Investments in Girls' Education; High Costs for Households Headed by Women; The Costs of Low Female Participation Compared with Family and National Income; Unemployment and Female Participation in the Labor Force; Women Face Higher Unemployment than Men Do ...... But Higher Female Labor Force Participation Is Not Associated with Higher UnemploymentMixed Effect on Female Employment from Old Patterns of Growth; Women Have Tended to Work More in the Public Sector; Women and Men Are in Informal and Unregulated Categories of Work; Women Remain in Agriculture Longer than Men Do; The Challenge of Inclusion in the Private Sector; Appendix: Labor Force Participation Rates That Very with the Data Source; Notes; 4. Constraints on Women's Work; The Traditional Gender Paradigm in MENA; Key Elements of the Traditional Gender ParadigmTraditional Norms That Affect Labor Market BehaviorOrientations in development.Women in developmentMiddle EastWomen in developmentAfrica, NorthSex roleMiddle EastSex roleAfrica, NorthSex discrimination against womenMiddle EastSex discrimination against womenAfrica, NorthElectronic books.Women in developmentWomen in developmentSex roleSex roleSex discrimination against womenSex discrimination against women305.42/0956MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910455821503321Gender and development in the Middle East and North Africa1242987UNINA