03764nam 22007095 450 991044996790332120211005114646.00-306-48045-X10.1007/b101970(CKB)1000000000024314(DE-He213)978-0-306-48045-4(PPN)237933985(MiAaPQ)EBC3035915(MiAaPQ)EBC197664(Au-PeEL)EBL197664(OCoLC)614599810(EXLCZ)99100000000002431420100301d2002 u| 0engurnn#008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierFoundations of Bilevel Programming[electronic resource] /by Stephan DempeBoston, MA :Springer US,2002.1 online resource (VIII, 309 p.)Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications,1571-568X ;611-4020-0631-4 Applications -- Linear Bilevel Problems -- Parametric Optimization -- Optimality Conditions -- Solution Algorithms -- Nonunique Lower Level Solution -- Discrete Bilevel Problems.Bilevel programming problems are hierarchical optimization problems where the constraints of one problem (the so-called upper level problem) are defined in part by a second parametric optimization problem (the lower level problem). If the lower level problem has a unique optimal solution for all parameter values, this problem is equivalent to a one-level optimization problem having an implicitly defined objective function. Special emphasize in the book is on problems having non-unique lower level optimal solutions, the optimistic (or weak) and the pessimistic (or strong) approaches are discussed. The book starts with the required results in parametric nonlinear optimization. This is followed by the main theoretical results including necessary and sufficient optimality conditions and solution algorithms for bilevel problems. Stationarity conditions can be applied to the lower level problem to transform the optimistic bilevel programming problem into a one-level problem. Properties of the resulting problem are highlighted and its relation to the bilevel problem is investigated. Stability properties, numerical complexity, and problems having additional integrality conditions on the variables are also discussed. Audience: Applied mathematicians and economists working in optimization, operations research, and economic modelling. Students interested in optimization will also find this book useful.Nonconvex Optimization and Its Applications,1571-568X ;61MathematicsOperations researchDecision makingMathematical optimizationCalculus of variationsMathematicsCalculus of Variations and Optimal Control; OptimizationOperation Research/Decision TheoryOptimizationElectronic books.Mathematics.Operations research.Decision making.Mathematical optimization.Calculus of variations.Mathematics.Calculus of Variations and Optimal Control; Optimization.Operation Research/Decision Theory.Optimization.515.6490C30msc34-01mscDempe Stephan846416SpringerLink (Online service)MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910449967903321Foundations of Bilevel Programming1891035UNINA03221nam 2200757 a 450 991096605610332120251117090529.09786613278012978128327801012832780149780520948945052094894710.1525/9780520948945(CKB)2550000000040457(EBL)730027(OCoLC)739051470(SSID)ssj0000542772(PQKBManifestationID)11347494(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000542772(PQKBWorkID)10517901(PQKB)11170634(MiAaPQ)EBC730027(DE-B1597)518764(DE-B1597)9780520948945(Au-PeEL)EBL730027(CaPaEBR)ebr10482135(CaONFJC)MIL327801(Perlego)550392(EXLCZ)99255000000004045720100812d2010 uy 0engur||#||||||||txtccrThe world's beaches /Orrin H. Pilkey ... [et al.]1st ed.Berkeley University of California Pressc20101 online resource (301 p.)"A global guide to the science of the shoreline."--subtitle from cover.9780520268722 0520268725 9780520268715 0520268717 Includes bibliographical references and index.pt. 1. The global character of beaches -- pt. 2. How to read a beach -- pt. 3. The global threat to beaches.Take this book to the beach; it will open up a whole new world. Illustrated throughout with color photographs, maps, and graphics, it explores one of the planet's most dynamic environments-from tourist beaches to Arctic beaches strewn with ice chunks to steaming hot tropical shores. The World's Beaches tells how beaches work, explains why they vary so much, and shows how dramatic changes can occur on them in a matter of hours. It discusses tides, waves, and wind; the patterns of dunes, washover fans, and wrack lines; and the shape of berms, bars, shell lags, cusps, ripples, and blisters. What is the world's longest beach? Why do some beaches sing when you walk on them? Why do some have dark rings on their surface and tiny holes scattered far and wide? This fascinating, comprehensive guide also considers the future of beaches, and explains how extensively people have affected them-from coastal engineering to pollution, oil spills, and rising sea levels.BeachesSeashoreCoastsCoast changesBeaches.Seashore.Coasts.Coast changes.551.45/7Pilkey Orrin H.1934-2024.1798799Cooper J. A. G.authttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autNeal William J.authttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910966056103321The world's beaches4478558UNINA