04683nam 2200985z- 450 991037278400332120231214133500.03-03928-097-X(CKB)4100000010163786(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/57235(EXLCZ)99410000001016378620202102d2020 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierProtection Strategy against Spruce BudwormMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute20201 electronic resource (220 p.)3-03928-096-1 Spruce budworm (Choristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)) outbreaks are a dominant natural disturbance in the forests of Canada and northeastern USA. Widespread, severe defoliation by this native insect results in large-scale mortality and growth reductions of spruce (Picea sp.) and balsam fir (Abies balsamea (L.) Mill.) forests, and largely determines future age–class structure and productivity. The last major spruce budworm outbreak defoliated over 58 million hectares in the 1970s–1980s, and caused 32–43 million m3/year of timber volume losses from 1978 to 1987, in Canada. Management to deal with spruce budworm outbreaks has emphasized forest protection, spraying registered insecticides to prevent defoliation and keep trees alive. Other tactics can include salvage harvesting, altering harvest schedules to remove the most susceptible stands, or reducing future susceptibility by planting or thinning. Chemical insecticides are no longer used, and protection strategies use biological insecticides Bacillus thuringiensis (B.t.) or tebufenozide, a specific insect growth regulator. Over the last five years, a $30 million research project has tested another possible management tactic, termed an ‘early intervention strategy’, aimed at area-wide management of spruce budworm populations. This includes intensive monitoring to detect ‘hot spots’ of rising budworm populations before defoliation occurs, targeted insecticide treatment to prevent spread, and detailed research into target and non-target insect effects. The objective of this Special Issue is to compile the most recent research on protection strategies against spruce budworm. A series of papers will describe results and prospects for the use of an early intervention strategy in spruce budworm and other insect management.pheromone mating disruptionspruce budworminsecticide applicationmulti-spectral remote sensingsimulationapparent fecundityChoristoneura fumiferana (Clemens)PinaceaeChoristoneura fumiferanacircadian rhythmforest protectionearly intervention strategyinsect population managementmothsurvivalPhialocephala scopiformismothsoptimized treatment designspatial-temporal patternsmonitoringmodellingscience communicationdecision support systempopulation controlarea-wide managementtortricidaeinsect susceptibilityegg recruitmentannual defoliationtreatment thresholdMainedispersalgrowth rateforest pestsChoristoneura fumiferana (Clem.)mixed effect modelsintertree varianceendophytic fungiAcadian regioninsecticidesdefoliationAbies balsameaPicea glaucaimmigrationdefoliation predictionearly interventionQuebecphenologyaerobiologyeconomic lossesspatial autocorrelationfoliage protectioncomputable general equilibrium modeleconomic and ecological cost: benefit analyseshardwood contentplant toleranceLepidopteramigrationMacLean Davidauth1288174BOOK9910372784003321Protection Strategy against Spruce Budworm3020673UNINA