04975nam 22012493a 450 991034667830332120250203235435.09783038977315303897731410.3390/books978-3-03897-731-5(CKB)4920000000094884(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/49115(ScCtBLL)3aec00c3-b4fc-44d2-8680-ab415483ddd4(OCoLC)1126098842(oapen)doab49115(EXLCZ)99492000000009488420250203i20192019 uu engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierHardwood Reforestation and RestorationDaniel Gagnon, Benoit TruaxMDPI - Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute2019Basel, Switzerland :MDPI,2019.1 electronic resource (192 p.)9783038977308 3038977306 Hardwood-dominated temperate forests (mostly in Eastern North America, Europe, North East Asia) provide valuable renewable timber and numerous ecosystem services. Many of these forests have been subjected to harvesting or conversion to agriculture, sometimes over centuries, that have greatly reduced their former extent and diversity. Natural regeneration following harvesting or during post-agricultural succession has often failed to restore these forests adequately. Past harvesting practices and the valuable timber of some species have led to a reduction in their abundance. The loss of apex predators has caused herbivore populations to increase and exert intense browsing pressure on hardwood regeneration, often preventing it. Particularly important are fruit, nut and acorn bearing species, because of their vital role in forest food webs and biodiversity. Restoring hardwood species to natural forests in which they were formerly more abundant will require a number of forest management actions (e.g., resistant hybrids, deer exclosures/protectors, enrichment planting, underplanting, etc.). Similarly, reforesting areas that were once natural forests will also require new silvicultural knowledge. Global warming trends will intensify the need for interventions to maintain the diversity and function of temperate hardwood forests, as well as for increase hardwood reforestation.Biology, life sciencesbicsscFagaceae speciessoil disturbancenon-timber forest productsprecision restorationprotected landscape areatree selectioncultural diversityQuercus rubrahardwood restorationenrichment plantingsub-tropical hardwoodsagroforestryherbicide effectsbiological diversitycompetitionJuglans nigra L.understoreyinvasive plantswildfireforest restorationQuercus macrocarpariparian forest restorationvegetation managementassisted migrationsugar mapledeer browsingspecies compositiontolerancephosphorusgrowth efficiency indexfloristic quality indexshelterwoodCarya cordiformis (Wangenh.) K. Kochmonitoringindicatorsseed predationBioclimatic nichenon-parametric correlationunmanaged forestNative Americansabandoned agricultural fieldnative mixed foreststree vigorforest diversitypredationweed controlnitratefacilitationinventoryhardwoodsMexican tree speciesyellow birchtree plantationseedling establishmentdeer abundanceavian guildsPinus strobus L.Central Hardwood Forest regionPinus strobusDurangoMaxEntJuglans nigraoak regenerationforest regenerationQuercus rubra L.deer herbivoryecosystem servicestree shelterBiology, life sciencesGagnon Daniel763816Truax BenoitScCtBLLScCtBLLBOOK9910346678303321Hardwood Reforestation and Restoration4320543UNINA