04083nam 22006614a 450 991034515620332120240417040615.01-281-31656-397866113165630-8135-3947-110.36019/9780813539478(CKB)1000000000469618(EBL)340816(OCoLC)476156772(SSID)ssj0000242093(PQKBManifestationID)11218708(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000242093(PQKBWorkID)10299982(PQKB)10909368(MiAaPQ)EBC340816(OCoLC)78591829(MdBmJHUP)muse21290(DE-B1597)529536(DE-B1597)9780813539478(Au-PeEL)EBL340816(CaPaEBR)ebr10155153(OCoLC)1156838326(EXLCZ)99100000000046961820050927d2006 ub 0engurun#---|u||utxtccrScience and technology policy in the United States open systems in action /Sylvia Kraemer1st ed.New Brunswick, N.J. Rutgers University Pressc20061 online resource (342 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-8135-3827-0 0-8135-3826-2 Includes bibliographical references (p. 271-303) and index.Front matter --CONTENTS --LIST OF TABLES --PREFACE --1. Introduction: Open Systems --2. Technology and the Ideology of Free Markets --3. The Ideologies of Science --4. The Science and Technology Policy Toolkit --5. Science, Technology, and Political Authority --6. Open Systems in a Digital World --7. Open Systems in Outer Space --8. The Crisis in American Health Care --9. Fossil Fuels and Clean Air --10. Epilogue --Appendix: Essay on Sources --Notes --Index --ABOUT THE AUTHORDuring the latter half of the twentieth century, federal funding in the United States for scientific research and development increased dramatically. Yet despite the infusion of public funds into research centers, the relationship between public policy and research and development remains poorly understood. How does the federal government attempt to harness scientific knowledge and resources for the nation's economic welfare and competitiveness in the global marketplace? Who makes decisions about controversial scientific experiments, such as genetic engineering and space exploration? Who is held accountable when things go wrong? In this lucidly-written introduction to the topic, Sylvia Kraemer draws upon her extensive experience in government to develop a useful and powerful framework for thinking about the American approach to shaping and managing scientific innovation. Kraemer suggests that the history of science, technology, and politics is best understood as a negotiation of ongoing tensions between open and closed systems. Open systems depend on universal access to information that is complete, verifiable, and appropriately used. Closed systems, in contrast, are composed of unique and often proprietary features, which are designed to control usage. From the Constitution's patent clause to current debates over intellectual property, stem cells, and internet regulation, Kraemer shows the promise-as well as the limits-of open systems in advancing scientific progress as well as the nation's economic vitality.Science & technology policy in the United StatesScience and stateUnited StatesHistoryTechnology and stateUnited StatesHistoryScience and stateHistory.Technology and stateHistory.338.973/06Kraemer Sylvia K1035974MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910345156203321Science and technology policy in the United States2455996UNINA01301nam a2200265 450099100314924970753620250430125952.0950530s1773 gw b 000 fre b14288540-39ule_instCICOGNARA-4096ExLBibl. Interfacoltà T. PellegrinoitafregerSilberman.717568Manuel métallotechnique :ou recueil de secrets & de curiosités sur les métaux & les minéraux, appliqués aux arts & aux métiers.Ouvrage traduit de l'allemand de M. Silberman.Leipsick,Arkstée & Merkus,1773.[3], vi, 473, [2] p.; 20 cm.Riproduzione in microfiche dell'originale conservato presso la Biblioteca Apostolica VaticanaLeopoldo Cicognara Program :Biblioteca Cicognara[microform] : literary sources in the history of art and kindred subjectsCatalogo ragionato dei libri d'arte e d'antichità / Leopoldo Cicognara.b1428854001-04-2228-07-16991003149249707536LE002 SB Raccolta Cicognara, mcrf 540le002E0.00no 110000.i1575985428-07-16Manuel métallotechnique1390761UNISALENTOle00228-07-16mg -fregw 01