05606oam 22013334 450 991097514680332120250426110848.0978661382864497814623498071462349803978145270171414527017179781283516198128351619597814519953291451995326(CKB)3360000000443791(EBL)3014309(SSID)ssj0000943044(PQKBManifestationID)11492233(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000943044(PQKBWorkID)10975247(PQKB)10734472(OCoLC)698585478(IMF)WPIEE2006125(MiAaPQ)EBC3014309(IMF)WPIEA2006125WPIEA2006125(EXLCZ)99336000000044379120020129d2006 uf 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrRegional Convergence in Latin America /Bennett Sutton, Genevieve Lindow, Maria Isabel Serra, Gustavo Ramirez, Maria Fernanda Pazmino1st ed.Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2006.1 online resource (29 p.)IMF Working PapersAt head of title: Western Hemisphere Department."May 2006."9781451863857 1451863853 Includes bibliographical references (p. 26-27).""Contents""; ""I. INTRODUCTION""; ""II. METHODOLOGY""; ""III. SUMMARY RESULTS FOR LATIN AMERICA""; ""IV. COUNTRY-BY-COUNTRY RESULTS""; ""V. CONCLUSIONS""; ""APPENDIX: DATA SOURCES AND DEFINITIONS""; ""REFERENCES""This paper presents empirical evidence on convergence of per capita output for regions within six large middle-income Latin American countries: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Peru. It explores the role played by several exogenous sectoral shocks and differences in steady states within each country. It finds that poor and rich regions within each country converged at very low rates over the past three decades. It also finds evidence of regional "convergence clubs" within Brazil and Peru- the estimated speeds of convergence for these countries more than double after controlling for different subnational levels of steady state. For the latter countries and Chile, convergence is also higher after controlling for sector-specific shocks. Finally, results show that national disparities in per capita output increased temporarily after each country pursued trade liberalization.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2006/125Economic developmentLatin AmericaAgribusinessimfAgricultural economicsimfAgricultural industriesimfAgricultural sectorimfAgriculture: GeneralimfCommercial policyimfExpenditures, PublicimfExports and ImportsimfExtractive industriesimfIndustries: ManufacturingimfIndustry Studies: Manufacturing: GeneralimfIndustry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: GeneralimfInternational economicsimfInternational Trade OrganizationsimfManufacturing industriesimfManufacturingimfMineral industriesimfMining sectorimfNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralimfNatural Resource ExtractionimfPublic expenditure reviewimfPublic finance & taxationimfPublic FinanceimfTrade liberalizationimfTrade PolicyimfLatin AmericaEconomic conditionsRegional disparitiesLatin AmericaEconomic conditionsBrazilimfEconomic developmentAgribusinessAgricultural economicsAgricultural industriesAgricultural sectorAgriculture: GeneralCommercial policyExpenditures, PublicExports and ImportsExtractive industriesIndustries: ManufacturingIndustry Studies: Manufacturing: GeneralIndustry Studies: Primary Products and Construction: GeneralInternational economicsInternational Trade OrganizationsManufacturing industriesManufacturingMineral industriesMining sectorNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralNatural Resource ExtractionPublic expenditure reviewPublic finance & taxationPublic FinanceTrade liberalizationTrade PolicySutton Bennett1108577Lindow Genevieve1816625Pazmino Maria Fernanda1816626Ramirez Gustavo1816156Serra Maria Isabel1816627International Monetary Fund.Western Hemisphere Dept.DcWaIMFBOOK9910975146803321Regional Convergence in Latin America4372875UNINA04351nam 22006255 450 991033825520332120200703044234.03-030-15453-X10.1007/978-3-030-15453-0(CKB)4100000007992450(DE-He213)978-3-030-15453-0(MiAaPQ)EBC5926357(PPN)235668222(MiAaPQ)EBC31870632(Au-PeEL)EBL31870632(OCoLC)1099656760(EXLCZ)99410000000799245020190418d2019 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierCryptology and Error Correction An Algebraic Introduction and Real-World Applications /by Lindsay N. Childs1st ed. 2019.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Springer,2019.1 online resource (XIV, 351 p. 7 illus., 1 illus. in color.) Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology,1867-55063-030-15451-3 Includes bibliographical references and index.Preface -- 1. Secure, Reliable Information -- 2. Modular Arithmetic -- 3. Linear Equations Modulo m -- 4. Unique Factorization in Z -- 5. Rings and Fields -- 6. Polynomials -- 7. Matrices and Hamming Codes -- 8. Orders and Euler's theorem -- 9. RSA Cryptography and Prime Numbers -- 10. Groups, Cosets, and Lagrange's theorem -- 11. Solving Systems of Congruences -- 12. Homomorphisms and Euler's Phi function -- 13. Cyclic Groups and Cryptography -- 14. Applications of Cosets -- 15. An Introduction to Reed–Solomon codes -- 16. Blum–Goldwasser Cryptography -- 17. Factoring by the Quadratic Sieve -- 18. Polynomials and Finite Fields -- 19. Reed-Solomon Codes II -- Bibliography. .This text presents a careful introduction to methods of cryptology and error correction in wide use throughout the world and the concepts of abstract algebra and number theory that are essential for understanding these methods. The objective is to provide a thorough understanding of RSA, Diffie–Hellman, and Blum–Goldwasser cryptosystems and Hamming and Reed–Solomon error correction: how they are constructed, how they are made to work efficiently, and also how they can be attacked. To reach that level of understanding requires and motivates many ideas found in a first course in abstract algebra—rings, fields, finite abelian groups, basic theory of numbers, computational number theory, homomorphisms, ideals, and cosets. Those who complete this book will have gained a solid mathematical foundation for more specialized applied courses on cryptology or error correction, and should also be well prepared, both in concepts and in motivation, to pursue more advanced study in algebra and number theory. This text is suitable for classroom or online use or for independent study. Aimed at students in mathematics, computer science, and engineering, the prerequisite includes one or two years of a standard calculus sequence. Ideally the reader will also take a concurrent course in linear algebra or elementary matrix theory. A solutions manual for the 400 exercises in the book is available to instructors who adopt the text for their course.Springer Undergraduate Texts in Mathematics and Technology,1867-5506AlgebraData encryption (Computer science)Number theoryAlgebrahttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/M11000Cryptologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/I28020Number Theoryhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/M25001Algebra.Data encryption (Computer science)Number theory.Algebra.Cryptology.Number Theory.652.8003.54Childs Lindsay Nauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut41695MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910338255203321Cryptology and Error Correction1732419UNINA