09937nam 2200505 450 99649986220331620230401232616.03-031-15862-8(MiAaPQ)EBC7143818(Au-PeEL)EBL7143818(CKB)25430592700041(PPN)266356036(EXLCZ)992543059270004120230401d2022 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierThe physics of laser radiation-matter interaction fundamentals, and selected applications in metrology /Alexander HornCham, Switzerland :Springer,[2022]©20221 online resource (434 pages)Print version: Horn, Alexander The Physics of Laser Radiation-Matter Interaction Cham : Springer International Publishing AG,c2023 9783031158612 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- Preface -- Contents -- Acronyms -- Part I Electromagnetic Radiation -- 1 Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 1.1 Fundamental Interactions -- 1.1.1 Nuclear Forces -- 1.1.2 Electromagnetic Force -- 1.1.3 Gravitational Force -- 1.2 Wave and Particle Description of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 1.3 Photon Description -- 1.4 Maxwell Equations -- 1.4.1 Maxwell Equations in Vacuum -- 1.4.2 Continuity Equation -- 1.4.3 Integral Description of Maxwell Equations -- 1.5 Electromagnetic Waves -- 1.5.1 Derivation of Wave Equations -- 1.5.2 Fundamentals on Waves -- 1.5.3 Orthogonality of the Vector Fields -- 1.5.4 Scalar and Vector Potential -- 1.6 Energy Density of Electromagnetic Wave -- 1.6.1 Electrostatic Approach -- 1.6.2 Generalization to Electromagnetic Fields -- 1.6.3 Planar Electromagnetic Waves -- 1.6.4 Phase and Group Velocity -- 1.7 Laser Radiation -- 1.7.1 Spatial and Temporal Properties -- 1.7.2 Coherence -- 1.7.3 Spectral Modulation -- References -- 2 Generation of Electromagnetic Radiation -- 2.1 Discrete and Continuous Transitions -- 2.2 Spontaneous Emission -- 2.3 Acceleration of a Free Charge -- 2.3.1 General Aspects on the Retardation -- 2.3.2 General Solution of a Retarded Wave Equation -- 2.3.3 Maxwell Equations for a Moving Charge -- 2.4 Emission of Accelerated Charges -- 2.4.1 Collinear Velocity and Acceleration Vectors -- 2.4.2 Acceleration Perpendicular to the Velocity -- 2.4.3 Periodic Oscillation of a Charged Particle -- 2.5 Black-Body Radiation -- 2.5.1 One-Dimensional Hollow Black Body -- 2.5.2 Three-Dimensional Hollow Black Body -- 2.5.3 High- and Low Photon Energy Limits -- 2.5.4 The Stefan-Boltzmann Law -- 2.5.5 Wien's Displacement Law -- 2.5.6 Emitted Radiation Power -- 2.5.7 Real Thermal Emitter -- 2.6 Laser-Generated X-Rays -- 2.7 Concluding Remarks -- References.Part II Interaction of Particles with Electromagnetic Radiation -- 3 Elastic Scattering at Charged Particles -- 3.1 Free Electron -- 3.1.1 Radiation Force -- 3.1.2 External Field -- 3.1.3 Dipole Moment and Differential Power per Solid Angle -- 3.2 Bounded Electron -- 3.2.1 Equation of Motion of a Weakly-Bounded Electron -- 3.2.2 Radiation Force -- 3.2.3 External Field -- 3.2.4 Dipole Moment and Differential Power per Solid Angle -- 3.3 Cross-Section -- 3.4 Polarization of Scattered Radiation -- 3.5 Photo-Excitation of Atoms -- 3.5.1 Linear Scattering -- 3.5.2 Non-linear Scattering -- 4 Inelastic Scattering and Absorption -- 4.1 Free Carrier Absorption-Inverse Bremsstrahlung -- 4.2 Raman Scattering -- 4.3 Photo-Ionization or Photo-Effect -- 4.4 Ponderomotive Energy and Force -- 4.5 Non-linear Photo-Ionization -- 4.5.1 Tunnel Ionization -- 4.5.2 Multi-photon Ionization -- 4.5.3 Keldysh Parameter for Atoms -- 4.5.4 Above-Threshold Multi-photon Ionization -- 4.6 Compton Scattering -- 4.7 Pair Production -- References -- 5 Scattering by Many Charges -- 5.1 Attenuation Coefficient -- 5.2 Coherent Scattering -- References -- Part III Interaction with Condensed Matter Without Absorption -- 6 Scattering in Matter -- 6.1 Reversible and Irreversible Interaction -- 6.2 Maxwell Equations in Matter -- 6.3 Lorentz Model -- 6.4 Refractive Index -- 6.5 Many Different Scatterers -- 6.6 Wave Equation in Matter -- 6.7 Straight Propagation in Condensed Matter -- 6.8 Speed of Light in Media -- References -- 7 Linear Optics -- 7.1 Steadiness of Fields -- 7.2 S-Polarized Radiation -- 7.3 P-Polarized Radiation -- 7.4 Boundary Conditions with Complex Refractive Index -- 7.5 Fresnel Equations for Transparent Dielectrics -- 7.6 Reflectance and Transmittance -- 7.7 Nearly Perpendicular Irradiation -- 7.8 Brewster Angle -- 7.9 Critical Angle for Total Reflection.7.10 Internal Reflection and Evanescent Waves -- 8 Non-linear Optics -- 8.1 Principal Equations of Non-linear Optics -- 8.2 Non-linear Repulsive Forces -- 8.3 Second-Order Processes -- 8.3.1 Equation of Motion with Non-centrosymmetric Media -- 8.3.2 Non-linear Polarization Density -- 8.3.3 Differential Equation for the Second Harmonic Field -- 8.3.4 Second Harmonic Generation -- 8.3.5 Three-Wave Mixing -- 8.3.6 Parametric Amplification -- 8.4 Third-Order Processes -- 8.4.1 Equation of Motion with Centrosymmetric Media -- 8.4.2 Four-Wave Mixing -- 8.4.3 Third-Harmonic Generation -- 8.4.4 Kerr Effect -- 8.4.5 Self-focusing -- 8.4.6 Catastrophic Self-focusing -- 8.4.7 Self-phase Modulation -- References -- Part IV Interaction with Absorption -- 9 Electron Gas in Condensed Matter -- 9.1 Periodic Potentials -- 9.2 Electronic Properties at Zero Temperature -- 9.2.1 Quantized Wave Number and Energy -- 9.2.2 Density of States -- 9.2.3 Fermi-Dirac Distribution at T=0 K -- 9.3 Electronic Properties at Higher Temperatures -- 9.3.1 Fermi-Dirac Distribution at Higher Temperatures -- 9.3.2 High Electron Density: Metals -- 9.3.3 Low Electron Density: Semiconductors -- References -- 10 Optical Properties of an Electron Gas -- 10.1 General Aspects-Lambert-Beer's Law -- 10.2 Electron Gas -- 10.2.1 Free Electron Gas -- 10.2.2 Quasi-free Electron Gas -- 11 Band Theory of Crystals -- 11.1 Electronic Band Formation -- 11.2 Valence and Conduction Bands -- 11.2.1 Crystals at Absolute Zero Temperature -- 11.2.2 Crystals at Higher Temperatures -- 11.2.3 Electrons and Holes in Semiconductors -- 11.2.4 Electrons in the Conduction Band of Metals -- 11.3 Band Structure and Dispersion Relation in Crystals -- 11.4 Non-crystalline Matter -- References -- 12 Linear Absorption -- 12.1 Absorption in Condensed Matter -- 12.2 Interband Excitation -- 12.2.1 Reduced Band Structure Plot.12.2.2 Dielectrics and Semiconductors -- 12.2.3 Transition Metals -- 12.3 Intraband Excitation -- 12.4 Non-crystalline Matter-Disordered Matter -- 12.5 Excited State Transitions -- 12.5.1 Dielectrics and Semiconductors -- 12.5.2 Recombination and Meta-Stable States -- 12.5.3 Excited Transition Metals -- 12.6 Optical Properties of Metals -- 12.6.1 Non-excited Metals -- 12.6.2 Excited Dielectrics -- References -- 13 Non-linear Absorption -- 13.1 Excitation Pathways -- 13.2 Electron Rate Equation -- 13.3 Non-linear Photo-Excitation -- 13.3.1 Keldysh Parameter for Crystals -- 13.3.2 Tunnel Excitation -- 13.3.3 Multi-photon Excitation -- 13.3.4 Non-linear Photo-Excitation -- 13.3.5 Two-Photon Absorption -- 13.3.6 Three-Photon Absorption -- 13.4 Impact Ionization -- 13.5 Channeling and Filamentation -- 13.5.1 Channeling -- 13.5.2 Filamentation -- References -- 14 Heating -- 14.1 Process Steps of Heating -- 14.2 Two-Temperature Model -- 14.3 Derivation of the Heat Equation -- 14.4 Heating of Metals -- 14.5 Thermophysical Properties of the Electron System -- 14.5.1 Heat Capacity of the Electron System -- 14.5.2 Thermal Conductivity of the Electron System -- 14.5.3 Electron-Phonon Coupling Parameter -- 14.6 Thermodynamic Properties of the Phonon System -- 14.6.1 Heat Capacity of the Phonon System -- 14.6.2 Thermal Conductivity of the Phonon System -- 14.7 Numerical Approach -- 14.8 Examples for Laser-Heated Metals -- 14.8.1 Nanosecond Laser Radiation -- 14.8.2 Femtosecond Laser Radiation -- References -- 15 Phase Transitions -- 15.1 Laser-Induced Phase Changes -- 15.1.1 Slow Heat Transfer -- 15.1.2 Fast Heat Transfer -- 15.2 Heating with Phase Transitions-Modeling -- 15.3 Thermo-physical Equations -- References -- Part V Selected Applications in Metrology -- 16 Reflectometry -- 16.1 Measurement Methods -- 16.2 Pump and Probe Metrology.16.3 Time-Resolved Reflectometry -- 16.3.1 Principle and Set-Up -- 16.3.2 Examples -- References -- 17 Ellipsometry -- 17.1 Fundamentals on Polarization States -- 17.2 Principles of Ellipsometry -- 17.3 Experimental Approach -- 17.4 Reflection at One Interface -- 17.5 Reflection at Many Interfaces for Thin Layers -- 17.6 Layer- and Dispersion-Models -- 17.7 Imaging Ellipsometry -- 17.7.1 Principle Set-Up -- 17.7.2 Spatial-Resolved Measurement -- 17.8 Space- and Time-Resolved Ellipsometry -- 17.8.1 Principle Set-Up -- 17.8.2 Examples -- References -- 18 Nomarski Microscopy -- 18.1 Principle of Nomarski Microscopy -- 18.2 Time-Resolved Nomarski Microscopy -- 18.3 Examples -- Reference -- 19 White-Light Interferometry -- 19.1 Principle of Mach-Zehnder Interferometry -- 19.2 White-Light Interferometry -- 19.3 Pump-Probe White-Light Interferometry -- 19.4 Super-Continuum Source -- 19.5 Interferogram Analysis -- 19.6 Examples -- 19.7 Conclusion -- Reference -- Appendix Bibliography -- -- Index.AbsorptionLasersMetrologyAbsorption.Lasers.Metrology.541.3453Horn Alexander1264735MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK996499862203316The Physics of Laser Radiation-Matter Interaction2965653UNISA03336nam 22006735 450 991029836940332120200701235422.03-642-38800-010.1007/978-3-642-38800-2(CKB)3710000000078637(DE-He213)978-3-642-38800-2(SSID)ssj0001066909(PQKBManifestationID)11539007(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001066909(PQKBWorkID)11079059(PQKB)10923173(MiAaPQ)EBC6246195(MiAaPQ)EBC1591866(Au-PeEL)EBL1591866(CaPaEBR)ebr10969063(OCoLC)864593152(PPN)176112782(EXLCZ)99371000000007863720131118d2014 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierPetrology Principles and Practice /by Gautam Sen1st ed. 2014.Berlin, Heidelberg :Springer Berlin Heidelberg :Imprint: Springer,2014.1 online resource (VII, 368 p. 377 illus., 102 illus. in color.) Bibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph3-642-38799-3 Includes bibliographical references.Introduction to Igneous Rocks -- Phase relations in simple systems: Key to magma generation, crystallization, and mixing -- Phase Relationships in Ternary Systems -- Magma formation and segregation -- Igneous Rock Series: Basalt Magma Evolution -- Basalt Magma Generation: Perspectives from Experimental Petrology -- Basaltic Magmatism at Mid-Oceanic Ridges and Hawaiian Hot Spot -- Large Igneous Provinces: Deccan Traps and Columbia River Basalts -- Subduction Zone Magmas -- Alkaline and Ultra-Alkaline Rocks, Carbonatites, and Kimberlites -- Anorthosites and Komatiites -- Sediments -- Sedimentary Rocks -- Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks -- Metamorphic Facies, Reactions, and P–T–t Paths.This undergraduate textbook on the key subject of geology closely follows the core curriculum adopted by most universities throughout the world and is a must for every geology student. It covers all aspects of petrology, including not only the principles of petrology but also applications to the origin, composition, and field relationships of rocks. Although petrology is commonly taught in the junior year, this book is a useful resource for graduate students as well.GeologyMineralogyGeochemistryGeologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G17002Mineralogyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G38000Geochemistryhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G14003Geology.Mineralogy.Geochemistry.Geology.Mineralogy.Geochemistry.552Sen Gautamauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut752518MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910298369403321Petrology2543925UNINA