12645nam 22008655 450 991025456010332120230810160906.01-4614-9029-410.1007/978-1-4614-9029-6(CKB)3710000000579418(SSID)ssj0001616800(PQKBManifestationID)16349236(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001616800(PQKBWorkID)14921070(PQKB)10910868(DE-He213)978-1-4614-9029-6(MiAaPQ)EBC5575537(MiAaPQ)EBC6315668(Au-PeEL)EBL5575537(OCoLC)936082932(PPN)191695939(EXLCZ)99371000000057941820160121d2016 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtccrNeurovascular Imaging From Basics to Advanced Concepts /edited by Luca Saba, Eytan Raz1st ed. 2016.New York, NY :Springer New York :Imprint: Springer,2016.1 online resource (799 illus., 269 illus. in color. eReference.) Springer referenceBibliographic Level Mode of Issuance: Monograph1-4614-9030-8 1-4614-9028-6 Includes bibliographical references and index.Intro -- Preface -- Quotes -- Acknowledgments -- Contents -- About the Editors -- Contributors -- Part I: The Basics: Embryology, Pathological Basis of Vascular Diseases, and Imaging Techniques -- 1: Cerebrovascular Development and Evolution -- Vascular Neurophylogeny -- The Spinal Cord -- The Brain: From Fishes to Humans -- Fishes -- Amphibians -- Reptiles -- Birds -- Mammals -- Vascular Neuroembryology -- Introduction -- Stage I (Prechoroidal Stage): Approximately 4 Weeks -- Stage II (Choroidal Stage): Approximately 5 Weeks -- Stage III: 6 Weeks -- Stage IV: Approximately 7 Weeks -- Stage V: Approximately 9 Weeks -- Stage VI: Approximately Adult Pattern -- Practical Aspects of Neurophylogeny and Neuroembryology -- Fetal Posterior Cerebral Artery -- Accessory MCA -- Dominant Anterior Choroidal Artery -- Persistent Trigeminal Artery -- Persistent Hypoglossal Artery -- Proatlantal Artery -- Variations in Fusion Patterns of the Basilar Artery -- Duplications -- Anterior Cerebral Artery Variations -- Conclusion -- References -- 2: Atherosclerosis: Biological and Pathological Basis -- Introduction -- Arteries: Classification and Anatomical Structure -- Normal Physiological Aspects -- Pathogenesis of Atherosclerosis -- Endothelial Injury and Dysfunction -- Plaque Growth and Evolution -- Types of Plaque and Possible Complications -- Imaging Evaluation -- Therapeutic Options -- Summary -- References -- 3: Nonatherosclerotic Vascular Disease: Biological and Pathological Basis -- Introduction -- Takayasu Arteritis (TA) -- Giant Cell Arteritis -- Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) -- Moyamoya Syndrome -- Extracranial Internal Carotid Artery Aneurysms -- Craniocervical Arterial Dissection -- Summary -- References -- 4: Essentials of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound -- Introduction -- Anatomy and Technique -- Physics of Doppler Ultrasound.Applications of Transcranial Doppler Ultrasound -- Vasospasm -- Sickle Cell Disease -- Brain Death -- Internal Carotid Artery Occlusion -- Other Applications -- Ultrasound Biosafety -- Summary -- References -- 5: DSA Imaging Protocol and Technique -- Preprocedural Assessment -- Patient Preparation -- Tray -- Procedure -- Vascular Access -- Catheter and Wire -- Cervico-Cerebral Angiography -- Projections -- Special Situations -- Conclusion -- References -- Part II: Carotid and Vertebral Artery: Anatomy, Diseases, and Treatment -- 6: Anatomy of the Neck Arteries -- Introduction -- Aortic Arch -- Common Carotid Artery -- Cervical Internal Carotid Artery -- External Carotid Artery -- External Carotid Artery Anastomoses -- Vertebral Artery -- Summary -- References -- 7: Imaging of Carotid Atherosclerosis -- Introduction -- Pathology and Implications for Imaging -- Pathogenesis of Carotid Atherosclerosis -- Histopathological Characteristics -- Plaque Morphology and Clinical Presentation -- MR Imaging Techniques -- Field Strength -- Coils -- Multi-slice Black-Blood MRI -- 3D Black-Blood MRI -- Multi-Contrast MRI -- Lipid-Rich Necrotic Core -- Intraplaque Hemorrhage -- Calcification -- Loose Matrix -- Neovasculature and Inflammation -- Measurement of Plaque Morphology and Composition -- Current Applications -- Imaging-Based Patient Stratification -- Carotid Artery Stenting -- Cryptogenic Stroke -- In Vivo Insights on Pathobiological Mechanisms -- Efficacy Markers for Testing Therapeutic Strategies -- Summary -- References -- 8: Carotid Artery Dissection -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathogenesis -- Traumatic Carotid Artery Dissection -- Major Traumatism -- Minor Traumatism or Mechanical Trigger Event -- Spontaneous Carotid Artery Dissection -- Infection -- Genetic Risk Factors -- Transient Arteriopathy -- Insights on the Mural Hematoma.Mural Hematoma Constitution -- Mural Hematoma Location -- Mural Hematoma Consequences -- Clinical Features -- Local Symptoms and Signs -- Ischemic Symptoms -- Outcome -- Clinical Outcome -- Recurrent Ischemic Events -- Arterial Lesion Evolution -- Recurrences of Dissections -- Imaging -- Digital Subtraction Angiography -- Ultrasound -- Cross-Sectional Imaging: CT or MRI? -- Magnetic Resonance Imaging -- Lumen Imaging: MR Angiography -- Mural Hematoma Imaging -- High-Resolution MRI -- High-Resolution MRI Using Surface Coils at 1.5-T -- High-Resolution MRI at 3-T -- High-Resolution MRI Findings in CAD -- CT Angiography -- Treatment -- Medical Treatment -- Mechanical Revascularization Strategies -- Summary -- References -- 9: Nonatherosclerotic Nondissection Diseases of Carotid Artery -- Introduction -- Fibromuscular Dysplasia (FMD) -- Natural History and Clinical Features -- Pathology and Imaging-Pathologic Correlation -- Vasculitis -- Takayasu Arteritis -- Giant Cell Arteritis -- Other Uncommon Vasculitis -- HIV Vasculopathy -- Connective Tissue Diseases -- Arterial Tortuosity Syndrome -- Ehler-Danlos Syndrome Type 4 (EDS4) -- Loeys Dietz Syndrome (LDS) -- Pseudoxanthoma Elasticum (PXE) -- Marfan Syndrome -- Other Systemic Disease with Carotid Involvement -- Neurofibromatosis Type 1 -- PHACE(S) Syndrome -- Tuberous Sclerosis -- Behcet Disease -- Carotid Aneurysms and Carotid Blowout -- Carotid Aneurysm -- Carotid Blowout Syndrome -- Miscellaneous -- Carotidynia -- Eagle Syndrome or Stylohyoid Syndrome -- Summary -- References -- 10: Imaging of the Pathology of the Vertebral Arteries -- Introduction -- Embryology and Anatomy -- Embryology -- Anatomy -- V1 Segment -- V2 Segment -- V3 Segment -- V4 Segment -- Cervical Branches -- Meningeal Branches -- Intracranial Branches -- Vascular Territories -- Cerebellum -- Brainstem -- Imaging.Atherosclerotic Disease -- Epidemiology and Clinical Findings -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging Findings -- Work-Up and Management -- Vertebral Artery Dissection -- Epidemiology and Clinical Findings -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging Findings -- Work-Up and Management -- Subclavian Steal Syndrome -- Epidemiology and Clinical Findings -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging Findings -- Work-Up and Management -- Bow Hunter´s Syndrome -- Epidemiology and Clinical Findings -- Pathophysiology -- Imaging Findings -- Work-Up and Management -- Miscellaneous Conditions -- Fibromuscular Dysplasia -- Vasculitis -- Summary -- References -- 11: Carotid Artery Surgery -- Introduction -- Preoperative Study -- Surgical Technique of Endarterectomy -- Carotid Body Tumors -- Aneurysms of the Extracranial Carotid Artery -- Conclusion -- References -- Part III: The Basics of Intracranial Arterial Circulation -- 12: Intracranial Atherosclerosis -- Introduction -- Epidemiology -- Pathology and Pathogenesis -- Recurrent Risk in Symptomatic ICAS and Related Risk Factors -- Research Gaps -- Neuroimaging Methods for Diagnosing and Evaluating Symptomatic ICAS -- Introduction on Routine and Novel Imaging Methods -- Routine Neuroimaging Methods to Evaluate ICAS -- TCDI/TCCD -- MRA -- CTA -- DSA -- Routine CT and MR Perfusion Imaging -- Novel Neuroimaging Methods to Evaluate ICAS -- HR-MRI -- QMRA -- ASL-PWI -- Four-Dimensional CTA -- A Novel Method to Gauge Hemodynamic Impact of ICAS Based on TOF-MRA -- CFD Modeling of ICAS to Reveal the Hemodynamic Characteristics -- Treatment Strategies for Patients with ICAS -- Summary -- References -- 13: Imaging of Spontaneous Nontraumatic Intracerebral Hemorrhage -- Introduction -- Hypertensive Hemorrhage -- Evolution of Hematoma on CT and MRI -- Coagulopathy -- Cerebral Amyloid Angiopathy -- T2* Gradient Echo Imaging -- Susceptibility-Weighted Imaging (SWI).Nontraumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage -- Vascular Malformations -- Hemorrhagic Transformation of Infarct -- Venous Thrombosis -- Hemorrhagic Neoplasm -- Radiation-Induced Vascular Disease and Hemorrhage -- Vasculitis -- Summary -- References -- 14: ICA-ECA Collaterals -- Introduction -- Ophthalmic Artery Anastomoses -- Internal Carotid Artery Anastomoses -- Posterior Circulation Anastomoses -- Noninvasive Imaging Modalities -- Summary -- References -- 15: Imaging Biomarkers of Angiogenesis and the Microvascular Environment in Cerebral Tumors -- Introduction -- Abnormalities of Tumor Blood Vessels -- Antiangiogenic Therapies -- Imaging the Tumor Vascular Microenvironment -- Imaging Biomarkers -- Biomarkers of Perfusion and the Vascular Microenvironment -- Dynamic Susceptibility Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DSCE-MRI) -- Dynamic Relaxivity Contrast-Enhanced MRI (DRCE-MRI) -- Dynamic Contrast-Enhanced Computed Tomography (DCE-CT) -- Imaging Microvessel Morphology and Hypoxia with MRI -- Vessel Size Imaging (VSI) and Vessel Architectural Imaging (VAI) -- Capillary Heterogeneity Imaging -- Arteriovenous Overlap Imaging (AVOL) -- Imaging Hypoxia Using MRI -- Molecular Imaging of the Tumor Vascular Microenvironment -- Imaging Hypoxia Using PET -- Imaging Integrin Expression -- Clinical Applications of Microvascular Imaging -- Diagnosing Glioma Mimics -- Grading Glioma -- Identifying Transformation in Low-Grade Glioma -- Distinguishing Recurrent Tumor from Treatment Effects -- Predicting Treatment Response -- Summary -- References -- Part IV: Stroke Imaging -- 16: Patterns of Ischemic Stroke: From Lacunar to Territorial to Multiple Embolic to Watershed Hypotensive -- Introduction -- Etiologies of Ischemic Strokes -- Imaging Findings Associated with Ischemic Strokes -- CT Findings -- MRI Findings -- Vascular Imaging -- MR Perfusion -- Localization of Ischemic Strokes.Anterior Territory Infarcts.Vascular Neurology, Vascular Neurosurgery and Interventional Neuroradiology are independent fields with dedicated Training Programs. Neuroimaging, and in particular what we call "Neurovascular Imaging" is a unifying factor which can be considered the intersection of these three medical specialties. With this book we aim to cover thoroughly the imaging techniques, potentialities, and present and future applications as applied to all the vascular diseases of the central nervous system from the imaging point of view. This book will comprise eight main sections: (1) The Basics, (2) Arteries of the Head and Neck (3) The basics of Intracranial Arteries (4) Diseases of the vessels (5) Stroke Imaging (6) Veins Imaging (7) Spine Imaging (8) Pediatrics.Springer reference.RadiologyInterventional radiologyNervous systemRadiographyNeurologyNervous systemSurgeryRadiologyInterventional RadiologyNeuroradiologyNeurologyNeurosurgeryRadiology.Interventional radiology.Nervous systemRadiography.Neurology.Nervous systemSurgery.Radiology.Interventional Radiology.Neuroradiology.Neurology.Neurosurgery.616.804754Saba Lucaedthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edtRaz Eytanedthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/edtMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910254560103321Neurovascular Imaging1737616UNINA