04096nam 2200649 450 991082674080332120230629171859.00-674-36952-10-674-36951-310.4159/9780674369511(CKB)2670000000543817(EBL)3301400(SSID)ssj0001133433(PQKBManifestationID)11639797(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001133433(PQKBWorkID)11156962(PQKB)11581202(MiAaPQ)EBC3301400(DE-B1597)460900(OCoLC)1029827518(OCoLC)871257902(OCoLC)984657223(DE-B1597)9780674369511(Au-PeEL)EBL3301400(CaPaEBR)ebr10841964(EXLCZ)99267000000054381720140314h20142014 uy 0engurnn#---|u||utxtccrBetween Pagan and Christian /Christopher P. JonesPilot project,eBook available to selected US libraries onlyLondon, England ;Cambridge, Massachusetts ; :Harvard University Press,2014.©20141 online resource (224 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-674-72520-4 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Contents --Note on Authors --Preface --1. The Perception of Paganism --2. Constantine --3. After Constantine: Indifference and Intolerance --4. God and Other Divinities --5. Idolatry --6. Sacrifice, Blood, and Prayer --7. Debate --8. Conversion --9. The West --10. The East --11. Conclusion: The Persistence of Paganism --Appendix: Was Macrobius a Christian? --Timeline --Abbreviations --Notes --IndexFor the early Christians, "pagan" referred to a multitude of unbelievers: Greek and Roman devotees of the Olympian gods, and "barbarians" such as Arabs and Germans with their own array of deities. But while these groups were clearly outsiders or idolaters, who and what was pagan depended on the outlook of the observer, as Christopher Jones shows in this fresh and penetrating analysis. Treating paganism as a historical construct rather than a fixed entity, Between Pagan and Christian uncovers the ideas, rituals, and beliefs that Christians and pagans shared in Late Antiquity. While the emperor Constantine's conversion in 312 was a momentous event in the history of Christianity, the new religion had been gradually forming in the Roman Empire for centuries, as it moved away from its Jewish origins and adapted to the dominant pagan culture. Early Christians drew on pagan practices and claimed important pagans as their harbingers--asserting that Plato, Virgil, and others had glimpsed Christian truths. At the same time, Greeks and Romans had encountered in Judaism observances and beliefs shared by Christians such as the Sabbath and the idea of a single, creator God. Polytheism was the most obvious feature separating paganism and Christianity, but pagans could be monotheists, and Christians could be accused of polytheism and branded as pagans. In the diverse religious communities of the Roman Empire, as Jones makes clear, concepts of divinity, conversion, sacrifice, and prayer were much more fluid than traditional accounts of early Christianity have led us to believe.Church historyPrimitive and early church, ca. 30-600Christianity and other religionsPaganismHistoryEarly church, ca. 30-600PaganismRelationsChristianityChurch historyChristianity and other religionsPaganismHistoryPaganismRelationsChristianity.270.1Jones Christopher P34119MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910826740803321Between Pagan and Christian3954283UNINA03797nam 22005895 450 991025399830332120200706031137.03-319-55877-310.1007/978-3-319-55877-6(CKB)3710000001178406(DE-He213)978-3-319-55877-6(MiAaPQ)EBC4848056(PPN)200514318(EXLCZ)99371000000117840620170425d2017 u| 0engurnn|008mamaatxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierFossil Horses of South America Phylogeny, Systemics and Ecology /by José Luis Prado, María Teresa Alberdi1st ed. 2017.Cham :Springer International Publishing :Imprint: Springer,2017.1 online resource (X, 150 p. 44 illus., 23 illus. in color.) The Latin American Studies Book Series,2366-34213-319-55876-5 Includes bibliographical references.Introduction -- Taxonomy nomenclature -- Collections around the word -- Systematic and phylogeny -- Iostratigraphy and biogeography -- Ancient feeding ecology and niche differentiation of Pleistocene horses -- Horses and megafauna extinction.This book provides an update on the phylogeny, systematics and ecology of horses in South America based on data provided over the past three decades. The contemporary South American mammalian communities were shaped by the emergence of the Isthmus of Panama and by the profound climatic oscillations during the Pleistocene. Horses were a conspicuous group of immigrant mammals from North America that arrived in South America during the Pleistocene. This group is represented by 2 genera, Hippidion and Equus, which include small species (Hippidion devillei, H. saldiasi, E. andium and E. insulatus) and large forms (Equus neogeus and H. principale). Both groups arrived in South America via 2 different routes. One model designed to explain this migration indicates that the small forms used the Andes corridor, while larger horses used the eastern route and arrived through some coastal areas. Molecular dating (ancient DNA) suggests that the South American horses separated from the North American taxa (caballines and the New World stilt-legged horse) after 3.6 - 3.2 Ma, consistent with the final formation of the Panamanian Isthmus. Recent studies of stable isotopes in these horses indicate an extensive range of 13C values cover closed woodlands to C4 grasslands. This plasticity agrees with the hypothesis that generalist species and open biome specialist species from North America indicate a positive migration through South America.The Latin American Studies Book Series,2366-3421Paleontology GeobiologyAnimal ecologyPaleontologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G39000Biogeoscienceshttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/G35010Animal Ecologyhttps://scigraph.springernature.com/ontologies/product-market-codes/L19015Paleontology .Geobiology.Animal ecology.Paleontology.Biogeosciences.Animal Ecology.569.72Prado José Luisauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/aut1058533Alberdi María Teresaauthttp://id.loc.gov/vocabulary/relators/autMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910253998303321Fossil Horses of South America2500563UNINA