03626nam 22006854a 450 991022008110332120230721005012.01-282-03326-397866120332610-8330-4641-1(CKB)1000000000718897(EBL)423175(OCoLC)261335507(SSID)ssj0000263997(PQKBManifestationID)12095309(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000263997(PQKBWorkID)10282238(PQKB)10873825(MiAaPQ)EBC423175(MiAaPQ)EBC4970049(Au-PeEL)EBL4970049(CaONFJC)MIL203326(OCoLC)1027198402(EXLCZ)99100000000071889720080820d2008 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrUnconventional fossil-based fuels[electronic resource] economic and environmental trade-offs /Michael Toman ... [et al.]Santa Monica, CA RAND Corporationc20081 online resource (97 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-8330-4564-4 Includes bibliographical references (p. 65-72).Cover; Preface; Contents; Figures; Tables; Summary; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; CHAPTER ONE- Introduction; Background; Technical Approach; Organization of This Report; CHAPTER TWO- History and Context of Unconventional Fossil-Resource Development; Past U.S. Efforts to Promote Synfuels; Policy Drivers for Unconventional Fossil-Based Fuels: Greenhouse-Gas Emissions and Energy Security; CHAPTER THREE- Carbon Capture and Storage for Unconventional Fuels; Carbon-Dioxide Capture; Carbon-Dioxide Transport; Carbon-Dioxide Storage; CHAPTER FOUR- Oil Sands and Synthetic Crude OilOverview of the ResourceNorth American Oil Sands; Methods of Extracting and Upgrading Oil Sands; Potential Constraints on Oil-Sand Production; Carbon-Dioxide Production, Capture, and Storage; Unit Costs for Oil-Sand Production; CHAPTER FIVE- Coal-to-Liquids Production; The Coal Resource Base Relative to Coal-to-Liquids Production Needs; Liquid-Fuel Production via Indirect Liquefaction of Coal; Methanol-to-Gasoline; Potential Constraints on Production of Coal-to-Liquid Fuels; Carbon-Dioxide Production and Capture for Coal-to-Liquids; Potential Future Unit Production Costs for Coal-to-LiquidsCHAPTER SIX- Competitiveness of Unit Production Costs for Synthetic Crude Oiland Coal-to-LiquidsOil Sands; Coal to Liquids; Incorporating Energy-Security Costs; CHAPTER SEVEN- Conclusions; Synthesis of the Cost-Competitiveness Analysis; Broader Conclusions and Implications; ReferencesRAND researchers assess potential future production levels and costs, greenhouse gases, and other environmental implications of fuels derived from oil sands and via coal liquefaction relative to conventional petroleum-based transportation fuels.Petroleum engineeringHeavy oilOil sandsCoal liquefactionPetroleum engineering.Heavy oil.Oil sands.Coal liquefaction.333.79333.79/68333.7968Toman Michael A734054Rand Corporation.MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910220081103321Unconventional fossil-based fuels2870866UNINA