02793nlm 22002774a 450 99659687110331620240530100627.09780520923812(ebook)20000404d2000---- uy 0engUSdrcnuInsatiable appetitethe United States and the ecological degradation of the tropical worldRichard P. TuckerBerkeleyUniversity of California Press2000Testo elettronico (PDF) (567 p.)Base dati testualeAlla fine del 1800 gli imprenditori americani divennero protagonisti dei 400 anni di storia dell'egemonia economica ed ecologica europea nei tropici. Cominciando come acquirenti nei porti tropicali dell’Atlantico e del Pacifico, si sono evoluti in speculatori fondiari, controllando e gestendo le aree in cui venivano coltivate le colture tropicali per i mercati di consumo nazionali attentamente promossi. Con l’emergere dell’agroindustria corporativa, gli speculatori presero il controllo diretto dei destini ecologici di molte terre tropicali. Supportati dalla protezione diplomatica e militare del governo degli Stati Uniti, emigrarono e costruirono imperi privati ​​nei Caraibi, nell’America centrale e meridionale, nel Pacifico, nel sud-est asiatico e nell’Africa occidentale. Gli investitori yankee e i gestori delle piantagioni mobilitarono ingegneri, agronomi e taglialegna per intraprendere quella che chiamarono la "conquista dei tropici", sostenendo di portare la civiltà ai popoli ottenebrati e la coltivazione alla natura improduttiva. In cooperazione competitiva con le élite politiche e terriere locali, non solo hanno abbattuto le foreste naturali, ma hanno anche spostato le terre tribali e contadine multicoltivate con piantagioni di esportazione di monocolture radicate in regimi di proprietà privata. Questo libro è una ricca storia della trasformazione dei tropici nei tempi moderni, che punta in definitiva al declino della biodiversità derivante dall’addomesticamento di sistemi naturali molto diversi. Richard P. Tucker illustra graficamente il suo studio con sei colture principali, ciascuna un impero virtuale a sé stante: zucchero, banane, caffè, gomma, carne di manzo e legname. Conclude che finché il libero scambio dominato dalle multinazionali sarà in ascesa, prestando poca attenzione alle sue conseguenze ecologiche a lungo termine, la salute del mondo tropicale sarà gravemente messa in pericolo.Colture tropicaliEconomiaStoriaSec.20.BNCF333.70913TUCKER,Richard P.1938-1016746ITcbaREICAT996596871103316EBERInsatiable appetite2380608UNISA04242nam 2200457z- 450 991022005120332120210211(CKB)3800000000216265(oapen)https://directory.doabooks.org/handle/20.500.12854/49563(oapen)doab49563(EXLCZ)99380000000021626520202102d2016 |y 0engurmn|---annantxtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierHormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy BalanceFrontiers Media SA20161 online resource (117 p.)Frontiers Research Topics2-88919-885-5 Alteration in adequate energy balance maintenance results in serious disturbances such as obesity and its related metabolic disorders. In Mammals, energy balance is homeostatically controlled through hormonal and neuroendocrine systems which cooperation is based on cross-talk between central and peripheral signals. The hypothalamus as well as peripheral hormones among which adipokines from adipose tissue and thyroid hormones play a crucial role in energy homeostasis. Unraveling the physiological, cellular and molecular mechanisms through which hormonal and neuroendocrine systems regulate energy balance has been a long-standing challenge in biology and is now more necessary when considering the world-wide increasing prevalence of obesity. Indeed, recognizing and understanding the biochemical and nutrient signaling pathways contributing to the nervous and endocrine integration of physiological mechanisms involved in the normal and/or abnormal regulation of energy balance is fundamental also to the development of new, effective, and targeted treatments for obesity. Recent studies have highlighted the role of hypothalamic pro-opiomelanocortin-expressing neurons in the regulation of energy homeostasis by controlling energy expenditure and food intake. This is accomplished through a precise balance of production and degradation of a-melanocyte-stimulating hormone, an anorexigenic neuropeptide which is degraded to an inactive form unable to inhibit food intake by the key enzyme prolyl carboxypeptidase (PRCP), thus suggesting that pharmacologic approaches targeting PRCP may provide a novel and effective option for the management of obesity and its associated metabolic disorders. Indeed, efforts have been made to generate potent, brain-penetrant PRCP inhibitors. Weight loss due to negative energy balance is a goal for obese subjects not always reachable by dietary caloric restriction or increased physical activity. Lipid-lowering therapies have been suggested to have potential benefits, however, the establishment of comprehensive therapeutic strategies is still awaited. Recently, it has been reported that thyroid hormone (TH)- derivatives such as 3,5-diiodothyronine and 3-iodothyronamine possess interesting biological activities, opening new perspectives in thyroid physiology and TH derivatives therapeutic usage. Moreover, several studies, focusing on the interaction between thyroid hormone (TH), the autonomic nervous system and the liver, revealed an important role for the hypothalamus in the differential effects of TH on autonomic outflow to peripheral organs controlling energy balance. This Research Topic aims to give a comprehensive and integrate view of the factors involved in the endocrine and neuroendocrine signaling in energy balance regulation to highlight their involvement into physiological processes and regulatory systems as well as their perturbation during pathological processes.PhysiologybicsscAdipogenesisApelinbrown adipose tissuecatch up fatenergy balanceLipid MetabolismmelanocortinMitochondriaThyroid HormonesUncouplingPhysiologyAntonia Lanniauth1302824Maria MorenoauthBOOK9910220051203321Hormonal and Neuroendocrine Regulation of Energy Balance3026659UNINA