06079nam 2201369Ia 450 991078331200332120230207223625.01-282-75932-997866127593210-520-93163-71-59875-781-410.1525/9780520931633(CKB)1000000000030786(EBL)239234(OCoLC)475950457(SSID)ssj0000110373(PQKBManifestationID)11142832(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000110373(PQKBWorkID)10063827(PQKB)11170002(StDuBDS)EDZ0000056146(MiAaPQ)EBC239234(OCoLC)61730569(MdBmJHUP)muse30333(DE-B1597)519452(DE-B1597)9780520931633(Au-PeEL)EBL239234(CaPaEBR)ebr10088443(CaONFJC)MIL275932(OCoLC)936910776(EXLCZ)99100000000003078620050223d2006 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrBerlin electropolis[electronic resource] shock, nerves, and German modernity /Andreas KillenBerkeley University of California Pressc20061 online resource (307 p.)Weimar and now ;38Description based upon print version of record.0-520-24362-5 Includes bibliographical references and index.Front matter --Contents --Acknowledgments --Introduction --1. Berlin Electropolis --2. Electrotherapy and the Nervous Self in Nineteenth-Century Germany --3. Railway Accidents, Social Insurance, and the Pathogenesis of Mass Nervousness, 1889-1914 --4. Electrotherapy and the Nervous Self during Wartime --5. Psychiatrists, Telephone Operators, and Traumatic Neurosis, 1900-1926 --Conclusion --Notes --Selected Bibliography --IndexBerlin Electropolis ties the German discourse on nervousness in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to Berlin's transformation into a capital of the second industrial revolution. Focusing on three key groups-railway personnel, soldiers, and telephone operators-Andreas Killen traces the emergence in the 1880's and then later decline of the belief that modernity caused nervous illness. During this period, Killen explains, Berlin became arguably the most advanced metropolis in Europe. A host of changes, many associated with breakthroughs in technologies of transportation, communication, and leisure, combined to radically alter the shape and tempo of everyday life in Berlin. The resulting consciousness of accelerated social change and the shocks and afflictions that accompanied it found their consummate expression in the discourse about nervousness. Wonderfully researched and clearly written, this book offers a wealth of new insights into the nature of the modern metropolis, the psychological aftermath of World War I, and the operations of the German welfare state. Killen also explores cultural attitudes toward electricity, the evolution of psychiatric thought and practice, and the status of women workers in Germany's rapidly industrializing economy. Ultimately, he argues that the backlash against the welfare state that occurred during the late Weimar Republic brought about the final decoupling of modernity and nervous illness.Weimar and now ;38.NeurastheniaSocial aspectsGermanyBerlinHistoryMental fatigueSocial aspectsGermanyBerlinHistoryElectrotherapeuticsGermanyBerlinHistoryElectrificationGermanyBerlinHistoryIndustrializationGermanyBerlinPsychological aspectsSocial changeGermanyBerlinPsychological aspectsRailroadsEmployeesMental healthGermanyBerlinTelephone operatorsMental healthGermanyBerlinSoldiersMental healthGermanyBerlinPsychiatryGermanyBerlinHistoryberlin.brain.electricity.europe.factory workers.german history.german.germany.great war.history of medicine.history.industrial revolution.insanity.labor.lunacy.madness.manichean teleology.medical community.metropolis.modernity.nervous disorders.nervous illness.nervousness.nonfiction.psyche.psychiatry.psychology.ptsd.railways.science.shell shock.social change.technology.telephone operators.trauma.veterans.weimar republic.welfare state.women workers.world war one.ww1.NeurastheniaSocial aspectsHistory.Mental fatigueSocial aspectsHistory.ElectrotherapeuticsHistory.ElectrificationHistory.IndustrializationPsychological aspects.Social changePsychological aspects.RailroadsEmployeesMental healthTelephone operatorsMental healthSoldiersMental healthPsychiatryHistory.362.196/8528/00943155Killen Andreas1467797MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910783312003321Berlin electropolis3678627UNINA05893oam 22014774 450 991016292580332120230124194004.01-4755-6998-X1-4755-7015-5(CKB)3710000001045046(MiAaPQ)EBC4800300(IMF)WPIEA2017006(EXLCZ)99371000000104504620020129d2017 uf 0engurcnu||||||||rdacontentrdamediardacarrierFiscal Rules to Tame the Political Budget Cycle : Evidence from Italian Municipalities /Lorenzo Forni, Andrea BonfattiWashington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2017.1 online resource (21 pages) illustrations, tablesIMF Working Papers1-4755-6997-1 Includes bibliographical references.The paper provides evidence that fiscal rules can limit the political budget cycle. It focuses on the application of the Italian fiscal rule at the sub-national level over the period 2004-2006 and shows that: 1) municipalities are subject to political budget cycles in capital spending; 2) the Italian subnational fiscal rule introduced in 1999 has been enforced by the central government; 3) municipalities subject to the fiscal rule show more limited political budget cycles than municipalities not subject to the rule. In order to identify the effect, we rely on the fact that the domestic fiscal rule does not apply to municipalities below 5,000 inhabitants. We find that the political budget cycle increases real capital spending by about 35 percent on average in the years prior to municipal elections and that the sub-national fiscal rule reduces these figures by about two thirds.IMF Working Papers; Working Paper ;No. 2017/006Political scienceBudgetingimfMacroeconomicsimfPublic FinanceimfDemographyimfSingle Equation ModelsimfSingle Variables: Cross-Sectional ModelsimfSpatial ModelsimfTreatment Effect Modelsimf'Panel Data ModelsimfSpatio-temporal Models'imfNational Deficit SurplusimfState and Local Budget and ExpendituresimfIntergovernmental RelationsimfFederalismimfSecessionimfFiscal PolicyimfNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: InfrastructuresimfOther Public Investment and Capital StockimfNational BudgetimfBudget SystemsimfDemographic Economics: GeneralimfEconomics of the ElderlyimfEconomics of the HandicappedimfNon-labor Market DiscriminationimfNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralimfPublic finance & taxationimfBudgeting & financial managementimfPopulation & demographyimfFiscal rulesimfCapital spendingimfBudget planning and preparationimfPopulation and demographicsimfAgingimfFiscal policyimfExpenditureimfPublic financial management (PFM)imfCurrent spendingimfCapital investmentsimfBudgetimfPopulationimfPopulation agingimfExpenditures, PublicimfPanel Data ModelsimfSpatio-temporal ModelsimfItalyimfPolitical science.BudgetingMacroeconomicsPublic FinanceDemographySingle Equation ModelsSingle Variables: Cross-Sectional ModelsSpatial ModelsTreatment Effect Models'Panel Data ModelsSpatio-temporal Models'National Deficit SurplusState and Local Budget and ExpendituresIntergovernmental RelationsFederalismSecessionFiscal PolicyNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: InfrastructuresOther Public Investment and Capital StockNational BudgetBudget SystemsDemographic Economics: GeneralEconomics of the ElderlyEconomics of the HandicappedNon-labor Market DiscriminationNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: GeneralPublic finance & taxationBudgeting & financial managementPopulation & demographyFiscal rulesCapital spendingBudget planning and preparationPopulation and demographicsAgingFiscal policyExpenditurePublic financial management (PFM)Current spendingCapital investmentsBudgetPopulationPopulation agingExpenditures, PublicPanel Data ModelsSpatio-temporal Models320Forni Lorenzo767791Bonfatti Andrea1452566DcWaIMFBOOK9910162925803321Fiscal Rules to Tame the Political Budget Cycle3654394UNINA