03395nam 2200565 450 991016270740332120221225221823.00-300-22768-X10.12987/9780300227680(CKB)3710000001044016(DE-B1597)540365(DE-B1597)9780300227680(MiAaPQ)EBC5268832(OCoLC)971018865(Au-PeEL)EBL5268832(CaONFJC)MIL990497(MiAaPQ)EBC7022540(Au-PeEL)EBL7022540(EXLCZ)99371000000104401620221225h20172017 uy 0engur|||||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierPresidents' secrets the use and abuse of hidden power /Mary GrahamNew Haven, Connecticut :Yale University Press,[2017]©20171 online resource (256 p.)0-300-22374-9 Includes bibliographical references and index.Frontmatter -- CONTENTS -- ACKNOWLEDGMENTS -- Introduction -- 1. The Constitutional Convention: The President's Limited Power -- 2. George Washington: A Culture of Openness -- 3. Woodrow Wilson: A Foundation for Secret Government -- 4. Harry Truman: Institutional Secrecy -- 5. Lyndon Johnson: Stealth Attacks on Openness -- 6. Gerald Ford: A Time of Reckoning -- 7. George W. Bush: A Test of the Limits -- 8. Barack Obama: A Twenty-First-Century Bargain? -- Conclusion -- NOTES -- INDEXHow presidents use secrecy to protect the nation, foster diplomacy, and gain power Ever since the nation's most important secret meeting-the Constitutional Convention-presidents have struggled to balance open, accountable government with necessary secrecy in military affairs and negotiations. For the first one hundred and twenty years, a culture of open government persisted, but new threats and technology have long since shattered the old bargains. Today, presidents neither protect vital information nor provide the open debate Americans expect. Mary Graham tracks the rise in governmental secrecy that began with surveillance and loyalty programs during Woodrow Wilson's administration, explores how it developed during the Cold War, and analyzes efforts to reform the secrecy apparatus and restore oversight in the 1970s. Chronicling the expansion of presidential secrecy in the Bush years, Graham explains what presidents and the American people can learn from earlier crises, why the attempts of Congress to rein in stealth activities don't work, and why presidents cannot hide actions that affect citizens' rights and values.PresidentsUnited StatesDecision makingOfficial secretsUnited StatesFreedom of informationUnited StatesExecutive privilege (Government information)United StatesPresidentsDecision making.Official secretsFreedom of informationExecutive privilege (Government information)352.3790973Graham Mary1944-1074260MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910162707403321Presidents' Secrets2572119UNINA