08538oam 22014894 450 991078807080332120230803200002.01-4983-0240-81-4983-0232-7(CKB)2670000000574360(EBL)1831411(SSID)ssj0001398974(PQKBManifestationID)11729890(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001398974(PQKBWorkID)11449931(PQKB)10410679(MiAaPQ)EBC1831411(Au-PeEL)EBL1831411(CaPaEBR)ebr10980869(CaONFJC)MIL656147(OCoLC)894791633(IMF)REOMCDEA2014002(EXLCZ)99267000000057436020020129d2014 uf 0engurcnu||||||||txtccrRegional Economic Outlook, October 2014, Middle East and Central Asia,Washington, D.C. :International Monetary Fund,2014.1 online resource (122 p.)Regional Economic OutlookDescription based upon print version of record.1-4983-4373-2 1-322-24867-2 Cover; Contents; Acknowledgments; Assumptions and Conventions; Country Groupings; World Economic Outlook; MIDDLE EAST, NORTH AFRICA, AFGHANISTAN, AND PAKISTAN; MENAP Region Highlights; (Omitted); Région MOANAP: Principaux Points; 1. MENAP Oil Exporters: Increasing Diversification, Reducing Reliance on Oil-Funded Spending; Rising 2015 Growth Depends on Improving Security; Figures; 1.1 Growth to Rise on Delayed Non-GCC Recovery; 1.2 Faster Growth Has Not Prompted Higher Inflation; 1.3 MENAP Oil Exporters: Real Effective Exchange Rates; Boxes; 1.1 Economic Implications of the Iraq ConflictOil Price Risks Remain Balanced, but Geopolitical Risks Have Risen 1.2 Capital Flows to GCC Countries; Falling Oil Revenues and Rising Government Spending Are Weakening Fiscal Positions; 1.4 Oil Price Uncertainties Increase Vulnerabilities; 1.5 Wages and Capital Raise GCC Government Spending; 1.6 Fiscal Positions Are Weakening; 1.7 High Oil Prices Will Not Save Fiscal Positions; 1.8 Nonhydrocarbon Deficits Are Too High for Intergenerational Equity in Most Countries; 1.9 Oil and Gas Consumption Are Growing; 1.10 Current Account Balances Are FallingGrowth from Diversification, Not Rising Oil Prices 1.11 GDP Growth Relies on Rising Oil Prices; 1.12 Signs That Labor Market Reforms Are Bearing Fruit?; 1.13 Public Sector Wage Bills Are High; 2. MENAP Oil Importers: Slow Recovery and Modest Prospects Call for Reform; Fragile Confidence Constrains Recovery; 2.1 Consumption and Investment Drive Contributions to Real GDP Growth; 2.1 Better Protection for the Poor in MENA; 2.2 Exports of Goods and Foreign Direct Investment; 2.3 Risk Premiums Are Declining; 2.4 Real Exchange Rate in MENAP Oil Importers2.5 Growth Insufficient to Improve Living Standards 2.2 Impact of Fiscal Measures on Jobs in MENAP Oil-Importing Economies; Downside Risks Are Elevated; Gradually Declining External and Fiscal Vulnerabilities; 2.6 Inflation Pressures Persist; 2.7 Fiscal Deficit and Reserves; 2.8 Change in Revenue and Expenditure; Tables; 2.1 Spending on Energy Subsidies; 2.3 Shifting Patterns in Official External Financing in MENAP Oil Importers; 2.9 Fiscal Financing Needs; 2.10 External Financing Needs; Fiscal, Monetary, and Exchange Rate Policies: Going Beyond Macroeconomic StabilityLackluster Medium-Term Prospects Structural Transformation to Boost Growth; 2.11 Raising Medium-Term Growth and Job Prospects Requires Structural Reforms; International Support; CAUCASUS AND CENTRAL ASIA; CCA Region Highlights; Основные положения по региону КЦА; 3. Caucasus and Central Asia: Increased Risks Highlight Need for Reform; Russia's Slowdown Is Weighing on CCA Economic Activity; 3.1 Real GDP Growth; 3.2 CCA: Real GDP Growth; Risks Are Largely to the Downside; 3.3 Growth Revisions versus Policy Buffers; 3.4 Linkages with Russia; 3.1 Growth Shocks in Russia: Implications for the CCAInflation Pressures Call for Effective Monetary Policy FrameworksThis issue discusses economic developments in the Middle East, North Africa, Afghanistan, and Pakistan (MENAP), which continue to reflect the diversity of conditions prevailing across the region. Most high-income oil exporters, primarily in the GCC, continue to record steady growth and solid economic and financial fundamentals, albeit with medium-term challenges that need to be addressed. In contrast, other countries—Iraq, Libya, and Syria—are mired in conflicts with not only humanitarian but also economic consequences. And yet other countries, mostly oil importers, are making continued but uneven progress in advancing their economic agendas, often in tandem with political transitions and amidst difficult social conditions. In most of these countries, without extensive economic and structural reforms, economic prospects for the medium term remain insufficient to reduce high unemployment and improve living standards.Regional Economic OutlookEconomic forecastingAsia, CentralEconomic forecastingMiddle EastInvestments: EnergyimfExports and ImportsimfInflationimfMacroeconomicsimfPublic FinanceimfForeign ExchangeimfIndustries: EnergyimfEnergy: GeneralimfEnergy: Demand and SupplyimfPricesimfFiscal PolicyimfMacroeconomics: ProductionimfNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: InfrastructuresimfOther Public Investment and Capital StockimfPrice LevelimfDeflationimfInvestment & securitiesimfInternational economicsimfPublic finance & taxationimfCurrencyimfForeign exchangeimfPetroleum, oil & gas industriesimfOilimfOil pricesimfFiscal stanceimfOil productionimfCommoditiesimfFiscal policyimfPublic investment and public-private partnerships (PPP)imfExpenditureimfProductionimfPetroleum industry and tradeimfExportsimfPublic-private sector cooperationimfBalance of paymentsimfAsia, CentralEconomic conditions21st centuryAsia, CentralEconomic conditionsStatisticsRussian FederationimfEconomic forecastingEconomic forecastingInvestments: EnergyExports and ImportsInflationMacroeconomicsPublic FinanceForeign ExchangeIndustries: EnergyEnergy: GeneralEnergy: Demand and SupplyPricesFiscal PolicyMacroeconomics: ProductionNational Government Expenditures and Related Policies: InfrastructuresOther Public Investment and Capital StockPrice LevelDeflationInvestment & securitiesInternational economicsPublic finance & taxationCurrencyForeign exchangePetroleum, oil & gas industriesOilOil pricesFiscal stanceOil productionCommoditiesFiscal policyPublic investment and public-private partnerships (PPP)ExpenditureProductionPetroleum industry and tradeExportsPublic-private sector cooperationBalance of payments303.409584DcWaIMFBOOK9910788070803321Regional Economic Outlook, October 2014, Middle East and Central Asia3721909UNINA05418nam 2200673 450 991081857400332120230807204754.01-118-96062-91-118-96055-61-118-96042-4(CKB)2670000000592465(EBL)1895815(SSID)ssj0001420882(PQKBManifestationID)11805037(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001420882(PQKBWorkID)11422675(PQKB)11204673(MiAaPQ)EBC1895815(DLC) 2014023772(Au-PeEL)EBL1895815(CaPaEBR)ebr11015198(CaONFJC)MIL719003(OCoLC)903956521(EXLCZ)99267000000059246520150212h20152015 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrBiosynthesis of heterocycles from isolation to gene cluster /Patrizia Diana, Girolamo CirrincioneHoboken, New Jersey :Wiley,2015.©20151 online resource (783 p.)"A John Wiley & Sons, Inc., publication."1-322-87721-1 1-118-02867-8 Includes bibliographical references at the end of each chapters and index.Cover; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgments; Chapter 1 Introduction; 1.1 Natural Products: Primary and Secondary Metabolites; 1.2 Common Reactions in Secondary Metabolites; 1.2.1 Alkylations; 1.2.2 Wagner-Meerwein Rearrangements; 1.2.3 Aldol and Claisen Reactions; 1.2.4 Schiff Base Formation and Mannich Reactions; 1.2.5 Transaminations; 1.2.6 Decarboxylations; 1.2.7 Oxidation and Reduction Reactions; 1.2.8 Dehalogenation/Halogenation Reactions; 1.2.9 Glycosylation Reactions; References; Chapter 2 Techniques for Biosynthesis; 2.1 Isotopic Labeling; 2.1.1 Stable Isotopes2.1.2 Radioactive Isotopes2.2 Gene Coding for Enzymes; 2.3 Combinatorial Biosynthesis; References; Chapter 3 Three-Membered Heterocyclic Rings and Their Fused Derivatives; 3.1 Aziridines and Azirines; 3.1.1 Azicemicins; 3.1.2 Miraziridine; 3.1.3 Maduropeptin; 3.1.4 Azinomycins; 3.1.5 Ficellomycin; 3.1.6 Mitomycins; 3.1.7 Azirinomycin and Related Azirines; 3.2 Oxiranes and Oxirenes; 3.2.1 Fosfomycin; 3.2.2 AK, HC, and AF toxins; 3.2.3 Cerulenin; 3.2.4 Polyhydroxyalkanoates; 3.2.5 Epoxyrollins; 3.2.6 Asperlactone, Aspyrone, Asperline; 3.2.7 Tajixanthone; 3.2.8 Cyclomarin; 3.2.9 Cyclopenin3.2.10 Ovalicin and Fumagillin3.2.11 Methylenomycin A; 3.2.12 Antibiotic LL-C10037; 3.2.13 Manumycins; 3.2.14 Scopolamine; 3.2.15 Iridoid Glucosides; 3.2.16 Cordiaquinone; 3.2.17 Cyclizidine and Indolizomycin; 3.2.18 Enediyne Antibiotics; 3.2.19 Macrolides; 3.2.20 Epothilones; 3.2.21 Pimaricin; 3.2.22 Hypothemycin; 3.2.23 Radicicol and Monocillin I; 3.2.24 Trichothecenes; 3.2.25 Sporolides A and B; References; Chapter 4 Four-Membered Heterocyclic Rings and Their Fused Derivatives; 4.1 Azetidine and Azetines; 4.1.1 Azetidine-2-carboxylic acid; 4.1.2 Polyoxins; 4.1.3 Mugineic Acids4.1.4 Tabtoxin and Tabtoxinine-β-lactam4.1.5 Nocardicins; 4.1.6 Thienamycin; 4.1.7 Clavulanic Acid and Clavams; 4.1.8 Penicillins and Cephalosporins; 4.2 Oxetanes; 4.2.1 Oxetanocins; 4.2.2 Salinosporamides; 4.2.3 Taxol; 4.3 Dithiethanes; 4.3.1 Tropodithietic acid and Thiotropocin; References; Chapter 5 Five-Membered Heterocyclic Rings and Their Fused Derivatives; 5.1 Pyrroles (Including Tetrapyrroles); 5.1.1 2-Acetyl-1-pyrroline; 5.1.2 Pyrrolnitrin; 5.1.3 Broussonetines; 5.1.4 Prodigiosin and Undecylprodigiosin; 5.1.5 Anatoxin-a and Homoanatoxin-a; 5.1.6 Nostopeptolides A5.1.7 Pyrrolizidine Alkaloids5.1.8 Toyocamycin and Sangivamycin; 5.1.9 Tetrapyrroles; 5.2 Indoles; 5.2.1 Indole-3-acetic acid and Glucobrassicin; 5.2.2 Camalexin; 5.2.3 Cyclomarazines; 5.2.4 Rebeccamycin and Staurosporine; 5.2.5 Paxilline; 5.3 Furans; 5.3.1 Furanomycin; 5.3.2 Xenofuranones A and B; 5.3.3 Acyl α- L-Rhamnopyranosides and Rhamnosyllactones; 5.3.4 Tuscolid and Tuscoron A and B; 5.3.5 Tetronomycin and Tetronasin; 5.3.6 Nonactin and Macrotetrolides; 5.3.7 Furanonaphthoquinone I; 5.4 Thiophenes; 5.5 Pyrazoles; 5.6 Imidazoles; 5.6.1 Histidine; 5.6.2 Amaranzole A; 5.6.3 Oroidin5.6.4 NikkomycinsThis book describes biosynthetic methods to synthesize heterocycliccompounds, offering a guide for the development of new drugs basedon natural products. The authors explain the role of naturalproducts in chemistry and their formation along with importantanalytical methods and techniques for working withheterocycles. Covers methods and techniques: isotopic labelling,enzymes and mutants, and pathway identification Provides a thorough resource of informationspecifically on heterocyclic natural products and their practicalbiosynthetic relevance Explains the role of natural products in chemistry aHeterocyclic compoundsSynthesisBiosynthesisHeterocyclic compoundsSynthesis.Biosynthesis.547/.59Diana Patrizia1642348Cirrincione GirolamoMiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910818574003321Biosynthesis of heterocycles3986980UNINA02055oam 2200289z- 450 99101504960033211-78430-946-X(CKB)3710000000944153(VLeBooks)9781784309466(Exl-AI)993710000000944153(EXLCZ)99371000000094415320190224c2016uuuu -u- -engCutTotally Bound Publishing1 online resource (1 p.)Kings of BedlamGuilt kept him away from Santana for years, but once he has her, he'll let no one stand in his way from keeping her.As the only child of an abusive biker and an alcoholic mother, Santana Rogers had one hero she could turn to in her life. Stake Wills, a member of the Kings of Bedlam Motorcycle Club, was her father's best friend, her savior and her lifelong crush. When her father is sent to prison, the club and her only friends turn their backs on her, leaving her to deal with the fall-out of her father's crime on her own.Santana is proud of the way she's persevered through the hard and lonely years. When Stake reappears in her life after the County Sheriff attacks her, she isn't sure she's willing to let him back into her life and her heart. And if she does, she's not sure she'll survive having her heart broken again when he inevitably leaves.It just about killed Stake to walk out of Santana's life, but after his best friend's death, he's forced to choose between the motorcycle club and keeping an eye on Santana. The club is the only family he's ever known, and a blackmail threat by Santana's mother threatens to destroy it all. He realizes that he made a mistake, but that won't stop him from trying to prove to Santana that he's still the man she needs him to be.Motorcycle clubsGenerated by AIAbusive parentsGenerated by AIMotorcycle clubsAbusive parentsCarol Lynne1744848BOOK9910150496003321Cut4175163UNINA