05357nam 2200661 a 450 991014595180332120230721005059.01-282-29109-297866122910980-470-45181-50-470-45180-7(CKB)1000000000719562(EBL)427752(OCoLC)476270675(SSID)ssj0000200503(PQKBManifestationID)11168605(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000200503(PQKBWorkID)10220288(PQKB)10681918(MiAaPQ)EBC427752(Au-PeEL)EBL427752(CaPaEBR)ebr10297784(CaONFJC)MIL229109(EXLCZ)99100000000071956220090715d2009 uy 0engurcn|||||||||txtccrMedical imaging[electronic resource] principles, detectors, and electronics /edited by Krzysztof IniewskiHoboken, N.J. Wiley-Interscience20091 online resource (325 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-470-39164-2 Includes bibliographical references and index.MEDICAL IMAGING; CONTENTS; PREFACE; ABOUT THE EDITOR; CONTRIBUTORS; I X-RAY IMAGING AND COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY; 1 X-Ray and Computed Tomography Imaging Principles; 1.1. Introduction to X-Ray Imaging; 1.2. X-Ray Generation; 1.3. X-Ray Interaction with Matter; 1.4. X-Ray Detection; 1.5. Electronics for X-Ray Detection; 1.6. CT Imaging Principle; 1.7. CT Scanners; 1.8. Color X-Ray Imaging; 1.9. Future of X-Ray and CT Imaging; References; 2 Active Matrix Flat Panel Imagers (AMFPI) for Diagnostic Medical Imaging Applications; 2.1. Introduction; 2.1.1. Digital Imaging; 2.1.2. Detection Schemes2.1.3. Chapter Organization 2.2. Pixel Technology; 2.2.1. Operation; 2.2.1.1. Introduction; 2.2.1.2. Operation; 2.2.1.3. Charge Sensing or Voltage Sensing?; 2.2.1.4. Gain and Linearity; 2.2.1.5. Readout Rate; 2.2.2. Fabrication; 2.2.2.1. TFT Structure and Process; 2.2.2.2. Nonoverlapped Electrode Process; 2.2.2.3. Fully Overlapped Process; 2.2.3. TFT Metastability; 2.2.3.1. Physical Mechanisms; 2.2.3.2. Positive Gate Bias Stress; 2.2.3.3. Negative Gate Bias Stress; 2.2.3.4. Effect of DC Bias Stress on Leakage Current; 2.2.3.5. Pulse Bias Metastability; 2.2.4. Electronic Noise2.2.4.1. Thermal Noise 2.2.4.2. Flicker Noise; 2.2.4.3. Noise in PPS Pixels; 2.3. Recent Developments; 2.3.1. Current Mode Active Pixel Sensor; 2.3.1.1. Linearity; 2.3.1.2. Gain; 2.3.2. Application to Emerging Diagnostic Medical X-Ray Imaging Modalities; 2.3.2.1. Dual-Mode Radiography/Fluoroscopy (R/F); 2.3.2.2. 3D Mammography Tomosynthesis; References; 3 Circuits for Digital X-Ray Imaging: Counting and Integration; 3.1. Introduction; 3.1.1. Image Formation; 3.1.2. X-Ray Detectors; 3.1.2.1. Indirect Detectors; 3.1.2.2. Direct Detectors; 3.1.2.3. Hybrid Pixel Detectors3.1.2.4. Readout Concepts for Hybrid Pixel Detectors 3.2. Circuit Implementation; 3.2.1. The Photon Counter; 3.2.2. The Integrator; 3.2.3. The Feedback Circuit; 3.2.3.1. Feedback and Signal Duplication; 3.2.3.2. Static Leakage Current Compensation; 3.2.3.3. Sampling; 3.3. Experimental Results; 3.3.1. Photon Counter Measurements; 3.3.1.1. Dynamic Range; 3.3.1.2. Electronic Noise; 3.3.1.3. Noise Count Rate; 3.3.2. Integrator Measurements; 3.3.2.1. Dynamic Range; 3.3.2.2. Noise Performance; 3.3.3. Simultaneous Photon Counting and Integration; 3.3.3.1. Total Dynamic Range3.3.3.2. Pulse Size Reconstruction 3.3.3.3. Spectral Resolution; 3.3.3.4. Spectral Hardening; 3.4. Conclusion; References; 4 Noise Coupling in Digital X-Ray Imaging; 4.1. Characterization of Noise Problems in Detector Systems; 4.2. Noise Mechanisms in Readout Electronics; 4.2.1. Noise Models; 4.2.1.1. Capacitive Coupling; 4.2.1.2. Impact Ionization; 4.2.2. Physical Properties; 4.2.2.1. Power Distribution Networks; 4.2.2.2. Substrates; 4.3. Simulation Models in Various Design Levels; 4.4. Readout Electronics Noise Coupling in Digital X-Ray Systems4.4.1. Noise Coupling Effects on the Design Example SystemA must-read for anyone working in electronics in the healthcare sector This one-of-a-kind book addresses state-of-the-art integrated circuit design in the context of medical imaging of the human body. It explores new opportunities in ultrasound, computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), nuclear medicine (PET, SPECT), emerging detector technologies, circuit design techniques, new materials, and innovative system approaches. Divided into four clear parts and with contributions from a panel of international experts, Medical Imaging systematically covers: X-ray imagImaging systems in medicineMedical electronicsImaging systems in medicine.Medical electronics.616.0754621.3810246160754Iniewski Krzysztof1960-Iniewski Krzysztof845507MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910145951803321Medical imaging2110862UNINA