03744nam 2200685 450 991048055070332120170919173147.090-04-29966-110.1163/9789004299665(CKB)3710000000631231(EBL)4514043(SSID)ssj0001662951(PQKBManifestationID)16432398(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001662951(PQKBWorkID)14972665(PQKB)10318981(PQKBManifestationID)16447915(PQKB)23845055(MiAaPQ)EBC4514043(OCoLC)948670525(OCoLC)918997479(OCoLC)950463941(nllekb)BRILL9789004299665(EXLCZ)99371000000063123120160502d2016 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrGlobalization and the colonial origins of the great divergence intercontinental trade and living standards in the Dutch East India Company's commercial empire, c. 1600-1800 /by Pim de ZwartLeiden ;Boston :Brill,[2016]1 online resource (300 p.)Global economic history series ;v. 11Description based upon print version of record.90-04-29965-3 Includes bibliographical references and index.Preliminary Material -- Introduction -- Early Modern Globalization -- Prices and Consumption Patterns -- Wages and the Standard of Living -- Population, Households and Labour Markets -- Conclusion -- Appendix 1: Weights and Measures -- Appendix 2: Coins and Silver Values -- Appendix 3: Kcal and Protein -- Appendix 4: Creating the Price Series -- Appendix 5: An Alternative Method for Dealing with Gaps in the Price Data -- Appendix 6: The Wage Data -- Appendix 7: Estimating Population Trends for Ceylon -- Appendix 8: Occupational Structure of Ceylon -- Bibliography -- Index.In Globalization and the Colonial Origins of the Great Divergence Pim de Zwart examines the Dutch East India Company’s intercontinental trade and its effects on living standards in various regions on the edges of the Indian Ocean in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries. Contrary to conventional views, De Zwart finds significant evidence of the integration of global commodity markets, an important dimension of globalization, before the 1800s. The effects of this globalization, and the associated colonialism, were diverse and could vary between and within regions. As globalization and colonialism affected patterns of economic development across the globe they played a part in the rise of global economic inequality, known as the ‘Great Divergence’, in the early modern period.Global Economic History Series11.Cost and standard of livingHistoryConsumption (Economics)HistoryGlobalizationEconomic aspectsConsumption (Economics)fastCost and standard of livingfastGlobalizationEconomic aspectsfastHistory.fastElectronic books.Cost and standard of livingHistory.Consumption (Economics)History.GlobalizationEconomic aspects.Consumption (Economics)Cost and standard of living.GlobalizationEconomic aspects.330.916506De Zwart Pim861452NL-LeKBNL-LeKBBOOK9910480550703321Globalization and the colonial origins of the great divergence1922525UNINA01744nam 2200421 450 99102710571033211-119-21462-91-119-21463-71-119-21461-0(CKB)4330000000009339(MiAaPQ)EBC5394368(EXLCZ)99433000000000933920180622d2018 uy 0engurcnu||||||||txtrdacontentcrdamediacrrdacarrierBimetallic nanostructures shape-controlled synthesis for catalysis, plasmonics, and sensing applications /edited by Ya-Wen ZhangHoboken, NJ :John Wiley & Sons,2018.1 online resource (524 pages)1-119-21464-5 Includes bibliographical references and index.Introduction of bimetallic nanostructures -- Theoretical models for bimetallic surfaces and nanoalloys -- In situ characterization techniques of bimetallics -- Bimetallic nanopolyhedrons and nanospheres -- Bimetallic convex and concave nanostructures -- Bimetallic nanoframes and nanoporous structures -- Bimetallic dendritic nanostructures -- Bimetallic ultrathin nanowires -- Bimetallic nanoplates and nanosheets -- Electrocatalysis -- Heterogeneous catalysis -- Plasmonics -- Sensing.Metal catalystsNanostructured materialsElectronic books.Metal catalysts.Nanostructured materials.541/.395Zhang Ya-Wen1965-MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910271057103321Bimetallic nanostructures2793151UNINA05395nam 2200661Ia 450 991014427360332120170816122630.01-280-72281-997866107228153-527-60876-13-527-60860-5(CKB)1000000000376655(EBL)481418(OCoLC)85821120(SSID)ssj0000157791(PQKBManifestationID)11149262(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000157791(PQKBWorkID)10139905(PQKB)10093951(MiAaPQ)EBC481418(EXLCZ)99100000000037665520060111d2006 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrFragment-based approaches in drug discovery[electronic resource] /edited by Wolfgang Jahnke and Daniel A. ErlansonWeinheim Wiley-VCH ;[Chichester John Wiley, distributor]c20061 online resource (393 p.)Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry ;34Description based upon print version of record.3-527-31291-9 Includes bibliographical references and index.Fragment-based Approaches in Drug Discovery; Contents; Preface; A Personal Foreword; List of Contributors; Part I: Concept and Theory; 1 The Concept of Fragment-based Drug Discovery; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Starting Small: Key Features of Fragment-based Ligand Design; 1.2.1 FBS Samples Higher Chemical Diversity; 1.2.2 FBS Leads to Higher Hit Rates; 1.2.3 FBS Leads to Higher Ligand Efficiency; 1.3 Historical Development; 1.4 Scope and Overview of this Book; References; 2 Multivalency in Ligand Design; 2.1 Introduction and Overview; 2.2 Definitions of Terms2.3 Selection of Key Experimental Studies2.3.1 Trivalency in a Structurally Simple System; 2.3.2 Cooperativity (and the Role of Enthalpy) in the "Chelate Effect"; 2.3.3 Oligovalency in the Design of Inhibitors to Toxins; 2.3.4 Bivalency at Well Defined Surfaces (Self-assembled Monolayers, SAMs); 2.3.5 Polyvalency at Surfaces of Viruses, Bacteria, and SAMs; 2.4 Theoretical Considerations in Multivalency; 2.4.1 Survey of Thermodynamics; 2.4.2 Additivity and Multivalency; 2.4.3 Avidity and Effective Concentration (C(eff)); 2.4.4 Cooperativity is Distinct from Multivalency2.4.5 Conformational Entropy of the Linker between Ligands2.4.6 Enthalpy/Entropy Compensation Reduces the Benefit of Multivalency; 2.5 Representative Experimental Studies; 2.5.1 Experimental Techniques Used to Examine Multivalent Systems; 2.5.1.1 Isothermal Titration Calorimetry; 2.5.1.2 Surface Plasmon Resonance Spectroscopy; 2.5.1.3 Surface Assays Using Purified Components (Cell-free Assays); 2.5.1.4 Cell-based Surface Assays; 2.5.2 Examination of Experimental Studies in the Context of Theory; 2.5.2.1 Trivalency in Structurally Simple Systems2.5.2.2 Cooperativity (and the Role of Enthalpy) in the "Chelate Effect"2.5.2.3 Oligovalency in the Design of Inhibitors of Toxins; 2.5.2.4 Bivalency in Solution and at Well Defined Surfaces (SAMs); 2.5.2.5 Polyvalency at Surfaces (Viruses, Bacteria, and SAMs); 2.6 Design Rules for Multivalent Ligands; 2.6.1 When Will Multivalency Be a Successful Strategy to Design Tight-binding Ligands?; 2.6.2 Choice of Scaffold for Multivalent Ligands; 2.6.2.1 Scaffolds for Oligovalent Ligands; 2.6.2.2 Scaffolds for Polyvalent Ligands; 2.6.3 Choice of Linker for Multivalent Ligands2.6.3.1 Rigid Linkers Represent a Simple Approach to Optimize Affinity2.6.3.2 Flexible Linkers Represent an Alternative Approach to Rigid Linkers to Optimize Affinity; 2.6.4 Strategy for the Synthesis of Multivalent Ligands; 2.6.4.1 Polyvalent Ligands: Polymerization of Ligand Monomers; 2.6.4.2 Polyvalent Ligands: Functionalization with Ligands after Polymerization; 2.7 Extensions of Multivalency to Lead Discovery; 2.7.1 Hetero-oligovalency Is a Broadly Applicable Concept in Ligand Design; 2.7.2 Dendrimers Present Opportunities for Multivalent Presentation of Ligands2.7.3 Bivalency in the Immune SystemThis first systematic summary of the impact of fragment-based approaches on the drug development process provides essential information that was previously unavailable. Adopting a practice-oriented approach, this represents a book by professionals for professionals, tailor-made for drug developers in the pharma and biotech sector who need to keep up-to-date on the latest technologies and strategies in pharmaceutical ligand design. The book is clearly divided into three sections on ligand design, spectroscopic techniques, and screening and drug discovery, backed by numerous case studies.Methods and principles in medicinal chemistry ;v. 34.Drug developmentLigands (Biochemistry)Electronic books.Drug development.Ligands (Biochemistry)615615.1901Jahnke Wolfgang997913Erlanson Daniel A997914MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910144273603321Fragment-based approaches in drug discovery2288667UNINA