05145nam 22006974a 450 991014340670332120200520144314.01-280-27746-797866102774690-470-24689-80-471-73936-70-471-73935-9(CKB)1000000000355066(EBL)238771(SSID)ssj0000231249(PQKBManifestationID)11193167(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000231249(PQKBWorkID)10197936(PQKB)10351544(MiAaPQ)EBC238771(CaSebORM)9780471736103(OCoLC)124082433(PPN)241633508(OCoLC)858671153(OCoLC)ocn858671153(EXLCZ)99100000000035506620050211d2005 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrQuantum approach to informatics /Stig Stenholm, Kalle-Antti Suominen1st editionHoboken, N.J. Wiley-Intersciencec20051 online resource (252 p.)Description based upon print version of record.0-471-73610-4 Includes bibliographical references (p. 229-234) and index.QUANTUM APPROACH TO INFORMATICS; CONTENTS; PREFACE; 1 INTRODUCTION; 1.1 Background; 1.2 Quantum Information Unit; 1.3 Representation of the Qubit; 1.3.1 Bloch Sphere; 1.3.2 Poincaré Sphere; 1.4 The Appetizer: Secure Communication; 1.5 References; 2 QUANTUM THEORY; 2.1 Quantum Mechanics; 2.1.1 Structure of Quantum Theory; 2.1.2 Quantum Ensembles; 2.2 Nonlocality of Quantum Mechanics; 2.2.1 Nonsignaling by Quantum Observations; 2.2.2 No Cloning of Quantum States; 2.2.3 Teleportation; 2.2.4 Bell Inequalities; 2.2.5 GHZ States and Reality; 2.3 The Process of Measurement2.3.1 Introducing the Meter2.3.2 Measurement Transformation; 2.3.3 Observation on Nonorthogonal States; 2.3.4 Special Cases; 2.4 Introduction of Irreversibility; 2.4.1 Master Equation; 2.4.2 Unraveling the Master Equation; 2.4.3 Continuous Measurements; 2.4.4 Completely Positive Maps; 2.5 References; 3 QUANTUM COMMUNICATION AND INFORMATION; 3.1 Classical Communication; 3.1.1 Information Theory; 3.1.2 Coding Theory; 3.2 Quantum Communication; 3.2.1 Quantum Information; 3.2.2 Quantum Channel; 3.2.3 Use of Generalized Measurements; 3.2.4 Neumark Extension; 3.3 Distance Between States3.3.1 Trace Distance3.3.2 Fidelity; 3.3.3 Relative Entropy; 3.4 References; 4 QUANTUM COMPUTING; 4.1 Logic Operations; 4.1.1 Classical Logic Operations; 4.1.2 Quantum Logic Functions; 4.1.3 Simple Quantum Operations; 4.1.4 The Deutsch Problem; 4.2 The Computer; 4.2.1 Classical Universal Computer; 4.2.2 Computational Complexity; 4.2.3 Quantum Computer; 4.2.4 Quantum Computing Circuits; 4.2.5 Universal Quantum Gates; 4.2.6 Quantum Measurement Circuit; 4.2.7 Quantum Fourier Transform; 4.3 Quantum Algorithms; 4.3.1 Public Key Code; 4.3.2 Quantum Factoring Algorithm; 4.3.3 Quantum Algorithms4.4 Errors in Quantum Computing4.4.1 Types of Errors in Quantum States; 4.4.2 Quantum Error Correction; 4.5 Energetics of Quantum Computations; 4.5.1 Energy Used by a Classical Computer; 4.5.2 Resetting Energy; 4.6 References; 5 PHYSICAL REALIZATION OF QUANTUM INFORMATION PROCESSING; 5.1 General Considerations; 5.2 Requirements for Quantum Computers; 5.3 Logic in Electromagnetic Cavities; 5.3.1 Cavity Quantum Electrodynamics; 5.3.2 Conditional Logic; 5.3.3 Dissipative Processes in Cavity QED; 5.4 Logic with Ions in Traps; 5.4.1 Trapping Cool Ions; 5.4.2 Quantum Logic in an Ion Trap5.4.3 Computing with Hot Ions5.5 Solid-State Systems; 5.5.1 General Considerations; 5.5.2 Special Examples; 5.6 Macromolecules and Optical Lattices; 5.6.1 Nuclear Spin in Molecules; 5.6.2 Optical Lattices; 5.7 Conclusions; 5.8 References; REFERENCES; INDEXAn essential overview of quantum informationInformation, whether inscribed as a mark on a stone tablet or encoded as a magnetic domain on a hard drive, must be stored in a physical object and thus made subject to the laws of physics. Traditionally, information processing such as computation occurred in a framework governed by laws of classical physics. However, information can also be stored and processed using the states of matter described by non-classical quantum theory. Understanding this quantum information, a fundamentally different type of information, has been a major project oQuantum theoryMathematicsComputer scienceMathematicsQuantum computersQuantum theoryMathematics.Computer scienceMathematics.Quantum computers.530.12Stenholm Stig50741Suominen Kalle-Antti1964-521579MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910143406703321Quantum approach to informatics837354UNINA