05378nam 2200649 450 991046340390332120200520144314.01-4648-0422-2(CKB)2670000000588432(EBL)1903364(SSID)ssj0001432582(PQKBManifestationID)11845918(PQKBTitleCode)TC0001432582(PQKBWorkID)11406491(PQKB)10144118(MiAaPQ)EBC1903364(Au-PeEL)EBL1903364(CaPaEBR)ebr11001353(CaONFJC)MIL683279(OCoLC)898769409(EXLCZ)99267000000058843220150114h20142014 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrThe economic impact of the 2014 ebola epidemic short- and medium-term estimates for West AfricaWashington, District of Columbia :World Bank Group,2014.©20141 online resource (109 p.)Description based upon print version of record.1-4648-0438-9 1-322-51997-8 Includes bibliographical references.Cover; Contents; Foreword; Acknowledgments; Abbreviations; Executive Summary; Tables; ES.1 Lost GDP Due to Ebola, in Dollars and as a Percentage of 2013 GDP; 1. Introduction; Overview; Channels of Impact; Structure of the Report; Figures; 1.1 Broad Channels of Short-Term Economic Impact; 2. Short-Term Effects and Fiscal Impacts; Introduction; Liberia; 2.1 Liberia-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2014); 2.1 Liberia-Cement Sales (2010-14); 2.2 Liberia-Fuel Sales (2010-14); 2.3 Liberia-Inflation and Food Prices (2014); 2.4 Liberia-Movement of Daily Exchange Rate since the Crisis (2014)2.2 Liberia-Estimated Fiscal Impact of Ebola in 2014 (as estimated on October 1, 2014)Sierra Leone; 2.5 Sierra Leone-Weekly Cement Sales (2014); 2.6 Sierra Leone-Visitor Arrivals (2014); 2.7 Sierra Leone-Diesel Fuel Sales Volume (2014); 2.3 Sierra Leone-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2014); 2.8 Sierra Leone-Share of Households with Insufficient Food Stocks (2011); 2.9 Sierra Leone-Soft Drink Sales (2014); 2.10 Sierra Leone-Inflation and Food Prices (2014); 2.11 Sierra Leone-Exchange Rate (2014); 2.12 Sierra Leone-Remittances (2013-14); Guinea2.4 Sierra Leone-Estimated Fiscal Impact of Ebola in 2014 (as estimated on October 1, 2014)Neighboring Economies; 2.5 Guinea-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2014); 2.13 Guinea-Inflation and Food Prices (2014); 2.14 Guinea-US Dollar-Guinean Franc Nominal Exchange Rate (2014); 2.6 Guinea-Estimated Fiscal Impact of Ebola in 2014 (as estimated on October 1, 2014); Box; 2.1 Containing the Epidemic in Senegal and Nigeria; Conclusion; 2.7 Forgone GDP Due to Ebola in Three Most Affected Countries (2014); 3. Medium-Term Impacts; Methods of Estimation; 3.1 Relationship across ModelsScenarios of the Ebola EpidemicEstimates of the Impact of Ebola; 3.1 Liberia-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2015); 3.2 Liberia-Real GDP at Factor Cost (2013-15); 3.3 Headcount Poverty Rate under Alternative Scenarios (2013-15); 3.2 Sierra Leone-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2015); 3.3 Guinea-Estimated GDP Impact of Ebola (2015); 3.4 Ebola Impact Index and National GDP under the Low Ebola Scenario; 3.4 Assumptions about Changes in Factor Availability in the West Africa Region as Compared with the Baseline (2014-15)3.5 Annual GDP Growth Rates of the West Africa Region in the Baseline and the Low Ebola and High Ebola Scenarios (2013-15)3.5 Impact of Ebola on GDP and Annual Growth Rates for West Africa (2013-15); Conclusion; 3.6 Lost GDP Due to Ebola over the Short and Medium Run; 4. Concluding Remarks; Containing the Epidemic; Fiscal Support; Restoring Investor Confidence; Strengthening the Surveillance, Detection, and Treatment Capacity of African Health Systems; Appendices; A. Sector Decomposition of GDP; A.1 Estimation of Revised Country-Level GDP for Liberia (2014)A.2 Estimation of Revised Country-Level GDP for Sierra Leone (2014)Beyond its terrible toll in human lives and suffering, the Ebola epidemic has inflicted a measurable economic impact on West Africa in terms of forgone output, higher fiscal deficits, rising prices, lower real household incomes, and greater poverty. This impact results partly from the health-care costs and forgone productivity associated with being infected, but it is driven principally by the efforts of the uninfected population to avoid exposure ('aversion behavior'). The Economic Impact of the 2014 Ebola Epidemic: Short- and Medium-Term Estimates for West Africa provides a mixed methods anaEbola virus diseaseEconomic aspectsAfrica, WestEpidemicsEconomic aspectsAfrica, WestPublic healthEconomic aspectsAfrica, WestElectronic books.Ebola virus diseaseEconomic aspectsEpidemicsEconomic aspectsPublic healthEconomic aspects614.57MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910463403903321The economic impact of the 2014 ebola epidemic1913563UNINA05186nam 2200649Ia 450 991014157230332120230803030112.01-118-75407-71-118-75368-21-118-75420-4(CKB)2670000000360080(EBL)1204746(OCoLC)846495659(SSID)ssj0000886932(PQKBManifestationID)11487401(PQKBTitleCode)TC0000886932(PQKBWorkID)10854440(PQKB)10574832(MiAaPQ)EBC1204746(Au-PeEL)EBL1204746(CaPaEBR)ebr10716710(EXLCZ)99267000000036008020130606d2013 uy 0engur|n|---|||||txtccrAdvances in modeling and design of adhesively bonded systems[electronic resource] /edited by S. Kumar and K.L. MittalHoboken Wiley20131 online resource (280 p.)Adhesion and adhesives: fundamental and applied aspectsDescription based upon print version of record.1-118-68637-3 Includes bibliographical references and index.Cover; Title Page; Copyright Page; Contents; Preface; Acknowledgements; 1 Stress and Strain Analysis of Symmetric Composite Single Lap Joints Under Combined Tension and In-Plane Shear Loading; 1.1 Introduction; 1.2 Equations and Solution; 1.2.1 Model Description; 1.2.2 Governing Equations for Tension Loading Nx; 1.2.3 Governing Equation for In-Plane Shear Loading Nxy; 1.2.4 Solutions; 1.2.4.1 Adhesive Peel Stress azz Due to Nx; 1.2.4.2 Adhesive Shear Stress axz Due to Nx; 1.2.4.3 Adhesive Shear Stress ayz Due to Nxy; 1.3 Solution Verification; 1.4 Yield Criterion; 1.5 Case Studies1.6 SummaryReferences; 2 Finite Element Modeling of Viscoelastic Behavior and Interface Damage in Adhesively Bonded Joints; 2.1 Introduction; 2.2 Finite Element Analysis of Viscoelastic Adhesively Bonded Joints; 2.2.1 Constitutive Relation; 2.2.2 Numerical Example; 2.2.2.1 Stress Distribution along Overlap Length; 2.2.2.2 Effect of Thermal Expansion; 2.3 Damage Analysis of Viscoelastic Adhesively Bonded Joints; 2.3.1 Constitutive Relation of Cohesive Element; 2.3.1.1 Linear Elastic Traction-Separation Law; 2.3.1.2 Damage Initiation and Evolution; 2.3.2 Numerical Example2.3.2.1 Joint Stiffness2.3.2.2 Damage of Cohesive Elements; 2.3.2.3 Effects of Interface Damage on Adhesive Layer; 2.4 Summary and Conclusions; Acknowledgements; References; 3 Modeling of Cylindrical Joints with a Functionally Graded Adhesive Interlayer; 3.1 Introduction; 3.2 Axisymmetric Model; 3.2.1 Stress Fields in the Bonded Assembly; 3.2.1.1 Inner Adherend; 3.2.1.2 Adhesive; 3.2.1.3 Outer Adherend; 3.2.2 Stiffness Tailored Adhesive Interlayer; 3.2.2.1 Tubular Joints; 3.2.2.2 Shaft-Tube Joints; 3.3 Constitutive Models of the Adherends and FMGB Adhesive; 3.4 Variational Approach3.4.1 Case I: FMGB13.4.2 Case II: FMGB; 3.4.3 Case III: MMB1; 3.4.4 Case IV: MMB; 3.5 Solution Procedure; 3.6 Results and discussion; 3.6.1 Influence of Bond Length (L); 3.6.2 Influence of Modulus Function; 3.6.3 Influence of Stiffness Mismatch; 3.7 Summary; References; 4 A Simplified Stress Analysis of Bonded Joints Using Macro-Elements; 4.1 Introduction; 4.1.1 Context; 4.1.2 Objective; 4.1.3 Overview of the Simplified Linear Elastic Method; 4.1.4 Overview of the Paper; 4.2 Linear Elastic 1D-Bar and 1D-Beam Models; 4.2.1 1D-Bar Model; 4.2.1.1 Formulation of the BBa Element4.2.1.2 Assembly of the Stiffness Matrix for a Single-Lap Joint4.2.2 1D-Beam Model; 4.2.2.1 Formulation of the BBe Element; 4.2.2.2 Validation on the Example Single-Lap Joint; 4.3 Assuming a Non-linear Adhesive Material; 4.3.1 Numerical Approach; 4.3.2 Example of Application to Structures: Single-Lap Joint, In-Plane Loading; 4.3.2.1 Equilibrium of the Structure; 4.3.2.2 Determination of the Nodal Residue; 4.3.2.3 Projected Stresses; 4.3.2.4 Solution Procedure; 4.3.3 Considering a Bi-Triangular Damage Evolution Adhesive Behavior; 4.4 Validation; 4.4.1 Overview4.4.2 FE Models for a Validation PurposeThe book comprehensively charts a way for industry to employ adhesively bonded joints to make systems more efficient and cost-effective Adhesively bonded systems have found applications in a wide spectrum of industries (e.g., aerospace, electronics, construction, ship building, biomedical, etc.) for a variety of purposes. Emerging adhesive materials with imAdhesion and adhesives: fundamental and applied aspects.System designMathematical models. System design.Mathematical models. 621.825Kumar S351021Mittal K. L.1945-748276MiAaPQMiAaPQMiAaPQBOOK9910141572303321Advances in modeling and design of adhesively bonded systems2070136UNINA